Size Restriction Based for Chroma Intra Mode

ABSTRACT

A method of video processing is described. The method includes performing a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video picture of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule. The rule specifies that, due to the chroma block having a size M×N, the chroma block is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using an intra coding mode. M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block, respectively. The intra coding mode includes coding the chroma block based on a previously coded video region of the video picture.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/700,155 filed on Mar. 21, 2022, which is a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2020/116472 filed on Sep. 21, 2020, which claims the priority to and benefit of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2019/107139 filed on Sep. 21, 2019, and International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2019/108760 filed on Sep. 27, 2019. All the aforementioned patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure is related to video and image coding and decoding technologies.

BACKGROUND

Digital video accounts for the largest bandwidth use on the internet and other digital communication networks. As the number of connected user devices capable of receiving and displaying video increases, it is expected that the bandwidth demand for digital video usage will continue to grow.

SUMMARY

The disclosed techniques may be used by video or image decoder or encoder embodiments for in which reference pictures are used in video coding or decoding.

In one example aspect a method of video processing is disclosed. The method includes performing a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video picture of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule; wherein the rule specifies that, due to the chroma block having a size M'N, the chroma block is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using an intra coding mode, wherein M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block respectively, and wherein the intra coding mode includes coding the chroma block based on a previously coded video region of the video picture.

In another example aspect, another method of video processing is disclosed. The method includes performing a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video picture of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule; wherein the rule specifies that the chroma block having a size M×N is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using an intra coding mode in case a dual tree partitioning is used, wherein M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block, respectively, and wherein the intra coding mode includes coding the chroma block based on a previously coded video region of the video picture.

In yet another example aspect, another method of video processing is disclosed. The method includes performing a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video picture of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule; wherein the rule specifies that the chroma block having a size M×N is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using an intra coding mode in case a single tree partitioning is used, wherein M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block, respectively, and wherein the intra coding mode includes coding the chroma block based on a previously coded video region of the video picture.

In yet another example aspect, another method of video processing is disclosed. The method includes performing a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule; wherein the rule specifies that the chroma block having a size M×N is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode that combines an inter prediction with an intra prediction, wherein M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block, respectively.

In yet another example aspect, another method of video processing is disclosed. The method includes performing a conversion between a video region of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule, wherein the rule specifies that whether and how a maximum transform size applicable to the video region is signaled is dependent on a coding mode type used for representing the video region in the coded representation, wherein the coding mode type is (i) a near lossless coding mode in which a quantization parameter (QP) applied to the video region is smaller than a threshold, (ii) a lossless coding mode in which a transform of a residual data for the video region is bypassed, or (iii) a lossy coding mode in which the transform of the residual data for the video region is skipped.

In yet another example aspect, the above-described method may be implemented by a video encoder apparatus that comprises a processor.

In yet another example aspect, the above-described method may be implemented by a video decoder apparatus that comprises a processor.

In yet another example aspect, these methods may be embodied in the form of processor-executable instructions and stored on a computer-readable program medium.

These, and other, aspects are further described in the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an example of intra block copy coding tool.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a block coded in palette mode.

FIG. 3 shows an example of use of palette predictor to signal palette entries.

FIG. 4 shows an example of examples of Horizontal and vertical traverse scans.

FIG. 5 shows examples of coding of palette indices.

FIG. 6 shows an example of 67 intra prediction modes.

FIG. 7 shows examples of the left and above neighbours of the current block.

FIG. 8 shows examples of adaptive loop filter (ALF) filter shapes (chroma: 5×5 diamond, luma: 7×7 diamond).

FIG. 9 shows an example of subsampled Laplacian calculation.

FIG. 10 shows an example of a modified block classification at virtual boundaries.

FIG. 11 is an example illustration of modified ALF filtering for Luma component at virtual boundaries.

FIG. 12 shows examples of four one dimensional (1-D) 3-pixel patterns for the pixel classification in Edge Offset (EO).

FIG. 13 shows four bands are grouped together and represented by its starting band position.

FIG. 14 shows top and left neighboring blocks used in CIIP weight derivation.

FIG. 15 shows luma mapping with chroma scaling architecture.

FIG. 16 shows examples of smallest chroma intra prediction unit (SCIPU).

FIGS. 17A and 17B are block diagrams of examples of a hardware platform used for implementing techniques described in the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart for an example method of video processing.

FIG. 19 shows examples of positions of spatial merge candidates.

FIG. 20 shows examples of candidate pairs considered for redundancy check of spatial merge candidates.

FIG. 21 shows a flowchart for an example method of video processing.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram that illustrates an encoder in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram that illustrates a decoder in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure provides various techniques that can be used by a decoder of image or video bitstreams to improve the quality of decompressed or decoded digital video or images. For brevity, the term “video” is used herein to include both a sequence of pictures (traditionally called video) and individual images. Furthermore, a video encoder may also implement these techniques during the process of encoding in order to reconstruct decoded frames used for further encoding.

Section headings are used in the present disclosure for ease of understanding and do not limit the embodiments and techniques to the corresponding sections. As such, embodiments from one section can be combined with embodiments from other sections.

1. SUMMARY

This disclosure is related to video coding technologies. Specifically, it is related to palette coding with employing base colors based representation in video coding. It may be applied to the existing video coding standard like High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), or the standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC) to be finalized. It may be also applicable to future video coding standards or video codec.

2. INITIAL DISCUSSION

Video coding standards have evolved primarily through the development of the well-known International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard. The ITU-T produced H.261 and H.263, ISO/IEC produced Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-1 and MPEG-4 Visual, and the two organizations jointly produced the H.262/MPEG-2 Video and H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and H.265/HEVC standards. Since H.262, the video coding standards are based on the hybrid video coding structure wherein temporal prediction plus transform coding are utilized. To explore the future video coding technologies beyond HEVC, Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) was founded by Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and MPEG jointly in 2015. Since then, many new methods have been adopted by JVET and put into the reference software named Joint Exploration Model (JEM). In April 2018, the Joint Video Expert Team (JVET) between VCEG (Q6/16) and ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29/WG11 (MPEG) was created to work on the VVC standard targeting at 50% bitrate reduction compared to HEVC.

2.1 Intra Block Copy

Intra block copy (IBC), a.k.a., current picture referencing, has been adopted in HEVC Screen Content Coding extensions (HEVC-SCC) and the current VVC test model (VTM-4.0). IBC extends the concept of motion compensation from inter-frame coding to intra-frame coding. As demonstrated in FIG. 1 , the current block is predicted by a reference block in the same picture when IBC is applied. The samples in the reference block must have been already reconstructed before the current block is coded or decoded. Although IBC is not so efficient for most camera-captured sequences, it shows significant coding gains for screen content. The reason is that there are lots of repeating patterns, such as icons and text characters in a screen content picture. IBC can remove the redundancy between these repeating patterns effectively. In HEVC-SCC, an inter-coded coding unit (CU) can apply IBC if it chooses the current picture as its reference picture. The MV is renamed as block vector (BV) in this case, and a BV always has an integer-pixel precision. To be compatible with main profile HEVC, the current picture is marked as a “long-term” reference picture in the Decoded Picture Buffer (DPB). It should be noted that similarly, in multiple view/three dimensional (3D) video coding standards, the inter-view reference picture is also marked as a “long-term” reference picture.

Following a BV to find its reference block, the prediction can be generated by copying the reference block. The residual can be got by subtracting the reference pixels from the original signals. Then transform and quantization can be applied as in other coding modes.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of Intra block copy.

However, when a reference block is outside of the picture, or overlaps with the current block, or outside of the reconstructed area, or outside of the valid area restricted by some constraints, part or all pixel values are not defined. Basically, there are two solutions to handle such a problem. One is to disallow such a situation, e.g., in bitstream conformance. The other is to apply padding for those undefined pixel values. The following sub-sessions describe the solutions in detail.

2.2 IBC in HEVC Screen Content Coding Extensions

In the screen content coding extensions of HEVC, when a block uses current picture as reference, it should guarantee that the whole reference block is within the available reconstructed area, as indicated in the following spec text:

The variables offsetX and offsetY are derived as follows:

offsetX=(ChromaArrayType==0)?0:(mvCLX[0] & 0×7?2:0)   (8-104)

offsetY=(ChromaArrayType==0)?0:(mvCLX[1] & 0×7?2:0)   (8-105)

It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that when the reference picture is the current picture, the luma motion vector mvLX shall obey the following constraints:

-   -   When the derivation process for z-scan order block availability         as specified in clause 6.4.1 is invoked with (xCurr, yCurr) set         equal to (xCb, yCb) and the neighbouring luma location ( xNbY,         yNbY) set equal to (xPb+(mvLX[0]»2)−offsetX,         yPb+(mvLX[1]»2)−offsetY) as inputs, the output shall be equal to         TRUE.     -   When the derivation process for z-scan order block availability         as specified in clause 6.4.1 is invoked with (xCurr, yCurr) set         equal to (xCb, yCb) and the neighbouring luma location ( xNbY,         yNbY) set equal to (xPb+(mvLX[0]»2)+nPbW−1+offsetX,         yPb+(mvLX[1]»2)+nPbH−1+offsetY) as inputs, the output shall be         equal to TRUE.     -   One or both of the following conditions shall be true:         -   The value of (mvLX[0]»2)+nPbW+xB1+offsetX is less than or             equal to 0.         -   The value of (mvLX[1]»2)+nPbH+yB1+offsetY is less than or             equal to 0.     -   The following condition shall be true:

(xPb+(mvLX[0]»2)+nPbSw−1+offsetX)/CtbSizeY−xCb/CtbSizeY<=yCb/CtbSizeY−(yPb+(mvLX[1]»2)+nPbSh−1+offsetY)/CtbSizeY   (8-106)

Thus, the case that the reference block overlaps with the current block or the reference block is outside of the picture will not happen. There is no need to pad the reference or prediction block.

2.3 IBC in VVC Test Model

In the current VVC test model, i.e., VTM-4.0 design, the whole reference block should be with the current coding tree unit (CTU) and does not overlap with the current block. Thus, there is no need to pad the reference or prediction block. The IBC flag is coded as a prediction mode of the current CU. Thus, there are totally three prediction modes, MODE_INTRA, MODE_INTER and MODE_IBC for each CU.

2.3.1 IBC Merge Mode

In IBC merge mode, an index pointing to an entry in the IBC merge candidates list is parsed from the bitstream. The construction of the IBC merge list can be summarized according to the following sequence of steps:

-   -   Step 1: Derivation of spatial candidates     -   Step 2: Insertion of History-based Motion Vector Prediction         (HMVP) candidates     -   Step 3: Insertion of pairwise average candidates

In the derivation of spatial merge candidates, a maximum of four merge candidates are selected among candidates located in the positions depicted in FIG. 19 . The order of derivation is A₁, B₁, B₀, A₀ and B₂. Position B₂ is considered only when any prediction unit (PU) of position A₁, B₁, B₀, A₀ is not available (e.g., because it belongs to another slice or tile) or is not coded with IBC mode. After candidate at position A₁ is added, the insertion of the remaining candidates is subject to a redundancy check which ensures that candidates with same motion information are excluded from the list so that coding efficiency is improved. To reduce computational complexity, not all possible candidate pairs are considered in the mentioned redundancy check. Instead only the pairs linked with an arrow in FIG. 20 are considered and a candidate is only added to the list if the corresponding candidate used for redundancy check has not the same motion information.

After insertion of the spatial candidates, if the IBC merge list size is still smaller than the maximum IBC merge list size, IBC candidates from HMVP table may be inserted. Redundancy check are performed when inserting the HMVP candidates.

Finally, pairwise average candidates are inserted into the IBC merge list.

When a reference block identified by a merge candidate is outside of the picture, or overlaps with the current block, or outside of the reconstructed area, or outside of the valid area restricted by some constraints, the merge candidate is called invalid merge candidate.

It is noted that invalid merge candidates may be inserted into the IBC merge list.

2.3.2 IBC Advanced Motion Vector Prediction (AMVP) Mode

In IBC AMVP mode, an AMVP index point to an entry in the IBC AMVP list is parsed from the bitstream. The construction of the IBC AMVP list can be summarized according to the following sequence of steps:

-   -   Step 1: Derivation of spatial candidates         -   Check A₀, A₁ until an available candidate is found.         -   Check B₀, B₁, B₂ until an available candidate is found.     -   Step 2: Insertion of HMVP candidates     -   Step 3: Insertion of zero candidates

After insertion of the spatial candidates, if the IBC AMVP list size is still smaller than the maximum IBC AMVP list size, IBC candidates from HMVP table may be inserted.

Finally, zero candidates are inserted into the IBC AMVP list.

2.4 Palette Mode

The basic idea behind a palette mode is that the samples in the CU are represented by a small set of representative colour values. This set is referred to as the palette. And it is also possible to indicate a sample that is outside the palette by signalling an escape symbol followed by (possibly quantized) component values. This kind of sample is called escape sample. The palette mode is illustrated in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 2 shows an example of a block coded in palette mode.

2.5 Palette Mode in HEVC Screen Content Coding Extensions (HEVC-SCC)

In the palette mode in HEVC-SCC, a predictive way is used to code the palette and index map.

2.5.1 Coding of the Palette Entries

For coding of the palette entries, a palette predictor is maintained. The maximum size of the palette as well as the palette predictor is signalled in the sequence parameter set (SPS). In HEVC-SCC, a palette_predictor_initializer_present_flag is introduced in the picture parameter set (PPS). When this flag is 1, entries for initializing the palette predictor are signalled in the bitstream. The palette predictor is initialized at the beginning of each CTU row, each slice and each tile. Depending on the value of the palette_predictor_initializer_present_flag, the palette predictor is reset to 0 or initialized using the palette predictor initializer entries signalled in the PPS. In HEVC-SCC, a palette predictor initializer of size 0 was enabled to allow explicit disabling of the palette predictor initialization at the PPS level.

For each entry in the palette predictor, a reuse flag is signalled to indicate whether it is part of the current palette. This is illustrated in FIG. 3 . The reuse flags are sent using run-length coding of zeros. After this, the number of new palette entries are signalled using exponential Golomb code of order 0. Finally, the component values for the new palette entries are signalled.

FIG. 3 shows an example of use of palette predictor to signal palette entries.

2.5.2 Coding of Palette Indices

The palette indices are coded using horizontal and vertical traverse scans as shown in FIG. 4 . The scan order is explicitly signalled in the bitstream using the palette_transpose_flag. For the rest of the subsection it is assumed that the scan is horizontal.

FIG. 4 shows examples of Horizontal and vertical traverse scans.

The palette indices are coded using two main palette sample modes: ‘INDEX’ and ‘COPY_ABOVE’. As explained previously, the escape symbol is also signalled as an ‘INDEX’ mode and assigned an index equal to the maximum palette size. The mode is signalled using a flag except for the top row or when the previous mode was ‘COPY_ABOVE’. In the ‘COPY_ABOVE’ mode, the palette index of the sample in the row above is copied. In the ‘INDEX’ mode, the palette index is explicitly signalled. For both ‘INDEX’ and ‘COPY_ABOVE’ modes, a run value is signalled which specifies the number of subsequent samples that are also coded using the same mode. When escape symbol is part of the run in ‘INDEX’ or ‘COPY_ABOVE’ mode, the escape component values are signalled for each escape symbol. The coding of palette indices is illustrated in FIG. 5 .

This syntax order is accomplished as follows. First the number of index values for the CU is signaled. This is followed by signaling of the actual index values for the entire CU using truncated binary coding. Both the number of indices as well as the index values are coded in bypass mode. This groups the index-related bypass bins together. Then the palette sample mode (if necessary) and run are signaled in an interleaved manner. Finally, the component escape values corresponding to the escape samples for the entire CU are grouped together and coded in bypass mode.

An additional syntax element, last_run_type_flag, is signaled after signaling the index values. This syntax element, in conjunction with the number of indices, eliminates the need to signal the run value corresponding to the last run in the block.

In HEVC-SCC, the palette mode is also enabled for 4:2:2, 4:2:0, and monochrome chroma formats. The signaling of the palette entries and palette indices is almost identical for all the chroma formats. In case of non-monochrome formats, each palette entry consists of 3 components. For the monochrome format, each palette entry consists of a single component. For subsampled chroma directions, the chroma samples are associated with luma sample indices that are divisible by 2. After reconstructing the palette indices for the CU, if a sample has only a single component associated with it, only the first component of the palette entry is used. The only difference in signaling is for the escape component values. For each escape sample, the number of escape component values signaled may be different depending on the number of components associated with that sample.

In VVC, the dual tree coding structure is used on coding the intra slices, so the luma component and two chroma components may have different palette and palette indices. In addition, the two chroma component shares same palette and palette indices.

FIG. 5 shows examples of coding of palette indices.

2.6 Intra Mode Coding in VVC

To capture the arbitrary edge directions presented in natural video, the number of directional intra modes in VTM5 is extended from 33, as used in HEVC, to 65. The new directional modes not in HEVC are depicted as dotted arrows in FIG. 6 and the planar and direct current (DC) modes remain the same. These denser directional intra prediction modes apply for all block sizes and for both luma and chroma intra predictions.

In VTM5, several conventional angular intra prediction modes are adaptively replaced with wide-angle intra prediction modes for the non-square blocks.

In HEVC, every intra-coded block has a square shape and the length of each of its side is a power of 2. Thus, no division operations are required to generate an intra-predictor using DC mode. In VTM5, blocks can have a rectangular shape that necessitates the use of a division operation per block in the general case. To avoid division operations for DC prediction, only the longer side is used to compute the average for non-square blocks.

FIG. 6 shows an example of 67 intra prediction modes.

To keep the complexity of the most probable mode (MPM) list generation low, an intra mode coding method with 6 MPMs is used by considering two available neighboring intra modes. The following three aspects are considered to construct the MPM list:

-   -   Default intra modes     -   Neighbouring intra modes     -   Derived intra modes

A unified 6-MPM list is used for intra blocks irrespective of whether multiple reference line (MRL) and intra sub-partitions (ISP) coding tools are applied or not. The MPM list is constructed based on intra modes of the left and above neighboring block. Suppose the mode of the left block is denoted as Left and the mode of the above block is denoted as Above, the unified MPM list is constructed as follows (the left and above blocks are shown in FIG. 7 ):

FIG. 7 is an example of the left and above neighbours of the current block.

-   -   When a neighboring block is not available, its intra mode is set         to Planar by default.     -   If both modes Left and Above are non-angular modes:         -   MPM list→{Planar, DC, V, H, V−4, V+4}     -   If one of modes Left and Above is angular mode, and the other is         non-angular:         -   Set a mode Max as the larger mode in Left and Above         -   MPM list→{Planar, Max, DC, Max −1, Max +1, Max −2}     -   If Left and Above are both angular and they are different:         -   Set a mode Max as the larger mode in Left and Above         -   if the difference of mode Left and Above is in the range of             2 to 62, inclusive             -   MPM list→{Planar, Left, Above, DC, Max −1, Max +1}         -   Otherwise             -   MPM list→{Planar, Left, Above, DC, Max −2, Max +2}     -   If Left and Above are both angular and they are the same:         -   MPM list→{Planar, Left, Left −1, Left +1, DC, Left −2}

Besides, the first bin of the MPM index codeword is context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) context coded. In total three contexts are used, corresponding to whether the current intra block is MRL enabled, ISP enabled, or a normal intra block.

During 6 MPM list generation process, pruning is used to remove duplicated modes so that only unique modes can be included into the MPM list. For entropy coding of the 61 non-MPM modes, a Truncated Binary Code (TBC) is used.

For chroma intra mode coding, a total of 8 intra modes are allowed for chroma intra mode coding. Those modes include five traditional intra modes and three cross-component linear model modes (CCLM, LM_A, and LM_L). Chroma mode signalling and derivation process are shown in Table 2-4. Chroma mode coding directly depends on the intra prediction mode of the corresponding luma block. Since separate block partitioning structure for luma and chroma components is enabled in I slices, one chroma block may correspond to multiple luma blocks. Therefore, for Chroma derived mode (DM) mode, the intra prediction mode of the corresponding luma block covering the center position of the current chroma block is directly inherited.

TABLE 2-4 Derivation of chroma prediction mode from luma mode when cclm_is enabled Chroma Corresponding luma intra prediction mode prediction X mode 0 50 18 1 (0 <= X <= 66) 0 66 0 0 0 0 1 50 66 50 50 50 2 18 18 66 18 18 3 1 1 1 66 1 4 81 81 81 81 81 5 82 82 82 82 82 6 83 83 83 83 83 7 0 50 18 1 X

2.7 Quantized Residual Block Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (QR-BDPCM)

In JVET-M0413, a quantized residual block differential pulse-code modulation (QR-BDPCM) is proposed to code screen contents efficiently.

The prediction directions used in QR-BDPCM can be vertical and horizontal prediction modes. The intra prediction is done on the entire block by sample copying in prediction direction (horizontal or vertical prediction) similar to intra prediction. The residual is quantized and the delta between the quantized residual and its predictor (horizontal or vertical) quantized value is coded. This can be described by the following: For a block of size M (rows)×N (cols), let r_(i,j), 0≤i≤M−1, 0≤j≤N−1 be the prediction residual after performing intra prediction horizontally (copying left neighbor pixel value across the predicted block line by line) or vertically (copying top neighbor line to each line in the predicted block) using unfiltered samples from above or left block boundary samples. Let Q(r_(i,j)), 0≤i≤M−1, 0≤j≤N−1 denote the quantized version of the residual r_(i,j), where residual is difference between original block and the predicted block values. Then the block DPCM is applied to the quantized residual samples, resulting in modified M×N array {tilde over (R)} with elements {tilde over (r)}_(i,j). When vertical BDPCM is signalled:

$\begin{matrix} {{\overset{\sim}{r}}_{i,j} = \left\{ \begin{matrix} {{Q\left( r_{i,j} \right)},} & {{i = 0},} & {0 \leq j \leq \left( {N - 1} \right)} \\ {{{Q\left( r_{i,j} \right)} - {Q\left( r_{{({i - 1})},j} \right)}},} & {{1 \leq i \leq \left( {M - 1} \right)},} & {0 \leq j \leq \left( {N - 1} \right)} \end{matrix} \right.} & \left( {2 - 7 - 1} \right) \end{matrix}$

For horizontal prediction, similar rules apply, and the residual quantized samples are obtained by:

$\begin{matrix} {{\overset{\sim}{r}}_{i,j} = \left\{ \begin{matrix} {{Q\left( r_{i,j} \right)},} & {{0 \leq i \leq \left( {M - 1} \right)},} & {j = 0} \\ {{{Q\left( r_{i,j} \right)} - {Q\left( r_{i,{({j - 1})}} \right)}},} & {{0 \leq i \leq \left( {M - 1} \right)},} & {1 \leq j \leq \left( {N - 1} \right)} \end{matrix} \right.} & \left( {2 - 7 - 2} \right) \end{matrix}$

The residual quantized samples {tilde over (r)}_(i,j) are sent to the decoder.

On the decoder side, the above calculations are reversed to produce Q(r_(i,j)), 0≤i≤M−1, 0≤j≤N−1. For vertical prediction case,

$\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {{{Q\left( r_{i,j} \right)} = {\sum_{k = 0}^{i}{\overset{˜}{r}}_{k,j}}},} & {{0 \leq i \leq \left( {M - 1} \right)},} & {0 \leq j \leq \left( {N - 1} \right)} \end{matrix} & \left( {2 - 7 - 3} \right) \end{matrix}$

For horizontal case,

$\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {{{Q\left( r_{i,j} \right)} = {\sum_{k = 0}^{j}{\overset{˜}{r}}_{i,k}}},} & {{0 \leq i \leq \left( {M - 1} \right)},} & {0 \leq j \leq \left( {N - 1} \right)} \end{matrix} & \left( {2 - 7 - 4} \right) \end{matrix}$

The inverse quantized residuals, Q⁻¹ (Q (r_(i,j))), are added to the intra block prediction values to produce the reconstructed sample values.

The main benefit of this scheme is that the inverse DPCM can be done on the fly during coefficient parsing simply adding the predictor as the coefficients are parsed or it can be performed after parsing.

2.8 Adaptive Loop Filter

In the VTM5, an Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF) with block-based filter adaption is applied. For the luma component, one among 25 filters is selected for each 4×4 block, based on the direction and activity of local gradients.

2.8.1.1 Filter Shape

In the VTM5, two diamond filter shapes (as shown in FIG. 8 ) are used. The 7×7 diamond shape is applied for luma component and the 5×5 diamond shape is applied for chroma components.

FIG. 8 shows examples of ALF filter shapes (chroma: 5×5 diamond, luma: 7×7 diamond) 2.8.1.2 Block Classification

For luma component, each 4×4 block is categorized into one out of 25 classes. The classification index C is derived based on its directionality D and a quantized value of activity Â, as follows:

C=5D+A   (2-9-1)

To calculate D and Â, gradients of the horizontal, vertical and two diagonal direction are first calculated using 1-D Laplacian:

$\begin{matrix} {{g_{v} = {\sum_{k = {i - 2}}^{i + 3}{\sum_{l = {j - 2}}^{j + 3}V_{k,l}}}},\ {V_{k,l} = {❘{{2{R\left( {k,l} \right)}} - {R\left( {k,{l - 1}} \right)} - {R\left( {k,{l + 1}} \right)}}❘}}} & \left( {2 - 9 - 2} \right) \end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix} {{g_{h} = {\sum_{k = {i - 2}}^{i + 3}{\sum_{l = {j - 2}}^{j + 3}H_{k,l}}}},{H_{k,l} = {❘{{2{R\left( {k,l} \right)}} - {R\left( {{k - 1},l} \right)} - {R\left( {{k + 1},l} \right)}}❘}}} & \left( {2 - 1} \right) \end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix} {{g_{d1} = {\sum_{k = {i - 2}}^{i + 3}{\sum_{l = {j - 3}}^{j + 3}{D1_{k,l}}}}},{{D1_{k,l}} = {❘{{2{R\left( {k,l} \right)}} - {R\left( {{k - 1},{l - 1}} \right)} - {R\left( {{k + 1},{l + 1}} \right)}}❘}}} & \left( {2 - 9 - 4} \right) \end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix} {{g_{d2} = {\sum_{k = {i - 2}}^{i + 3}{\sum_{j = {j - 2}}^{j + 3}{D2_{k,l}}}}},{{D2_{k,l}} = {❘{{2{R\left( {k,l} \right)}} - {R\left( {{k - 1},{l + 1}} \right)} - {R\left( {{k + 1},{l - 1}} \right)}}❘}}} & \left( {2 - 9 - 5} \right) \end{matrix}$

Where indices i and j refer to the coordinates of the upper left sample within the 4×4 block and R(i, j) indicates a reconstructed sample at coordinate (i,j).

To reduce the complexity of block classification, the subsampled 1-D Laplacian calculation is applied. As shown in FIG. 9 the same subsampled positions are used for gradient calculation of all directions.

FIG. 9 shows an example of subsampled Laplacian calculation. (a) Subsampled positions for vertical gradient (b) Subsampled positions for horizontal gradient (c) Subsampled positions for diagonal gradient (d) Subsampled positions for diagonal gradient.

Then D maximum and minimum values of the gradients of horizontal and vertical directions are set as:

$\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {{g_{h,v}^{\max} = {\max\left( {g_{h},g_{v}} \right)}},} & {g_{h,v}^{\min} = {\min\left( {g_{h},g_{v}} \right)}} \end{matrix} & \left( {2 - 9 - 6} \right) \end{matrix}$

The maximum and minimum values of the gradient of two diagonal directions are set as:

$\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {{g_{{d0},{d1}}^{\max} = {\max\left( {g_{d0},g_{d1}} \right)}},} & {g_{{d0},{d1}}^{\min} = {\min\left( {g_{d0},g_{d1}} \right)}} \end{matrix} & \left( {2 - 9 - 7} \right) \end{matrix}$

To derive the value of the directionality D, these values are compared against each other and with two thresholds t₁ and t₂:

-   Step 1. If both

g_(h, v)^(max) ≤ t₁ ⋅ g_(h, v)^(min)andg_(d0, d1)^(max) ≤ t₁ ⋅ g_(d0, d1)^(min)

are true, D is set to 0.

-   Step 2. If

g_(h, v)^(max)/g_(h, v)^(min) > g_(d0, d1)^(max)/g_(d0, d1)^(min),

continue from Step 3; otherwise continue from Step 4.

-   Step 3. If

g_(h, v)^(max) > t₂ ⋅ g_(h, v)^(min),

D is set to 2; otherwise D is set to 1.

-   Step 4. If

g_(d0, d1)^(max) > t₂ ⋅ g_(d0, d1)^(min),

D is set to 4; otherwise D is set to 3.

The activity value A is calculated as:

$\begin{matrix} {A = {\sum_{k = {i - 2}}^{i + 3}{\sum_{l = {j - 2}}^{j + 3}\left( {V_{k,l} + H_{k,l}} \right)}}} & \left( {2 - 9 - 8} \right) \end{matrix}$

A is further quantized to the range of 0 to 4, inclusively, and the quantized value is denoted as Â.

For chroma components in a picture, no classification method is applied, i.e., a single set of ALF coefficients is applied for each chroma component.

2.8.1.3 Geometric Transformations of Filter Coefficients and Clipping Values

Before filtering each 4×4 luma block, geometric transformations such as rotation or diagonal and vertical flipping are applied to the filter coefficients f (k, l) and to the corresponding filter clipping values c(k, l) depending on gradient values calculated for that block. This is equivalent to applying these transformations to the samples in the filter support region. The idea is to make different blocks to which ALF is applied more similar by aligning their directionality.

Three geometric transformations, including diagonal, vertical flip and rotation are introduced:

Diagonal: f _(D)(k, l)=f(l, k), c _(D)(k, l)=c(l, k),   (2-9-9)

Vertical flip: f _(v)(k, l)=f(k, K−l−1), c _(V)(k, l)=c(k, K−l−1)   (2-9-10)

Rotation: f _(R)(k, l)=f(K−l−1, k), c _(R)(k, l)=c(K−l−1, k)   (2-9-11)

where K is the size of the filter and 0≤k, l≤K−1 are coefficients coordinates, such that location (0,0) is at the upper left corner and location (K−1, K−1) is at the lower right corner. The transformations are applied to the filter coefficients f (k, l) and to the clipping values c(k, l) depending on gradient values calculated for that block. The relationship between the transformation and the four gradients of the four directions are summarized in the following table.

TABLE 2-5 Mapping of the gradient calculated for one block and the transformations Gradient values Transformation g_(d2) < g_(d1) and g_(h) < g_(v) No transformation g_(d2) < g_(d1) and g_(v) < g_(h) Diagonal g_(d1) < g_(d2) and g_(h) < g_(v) Vertical flip g_(d1) < g_(d2) and g_(v) < g_(h) Rotation

2.8.1.4 Filter Parameters Signalling

In the VTM5, ALF filter parameters are signalled in Adaptation Parameter Set (APS). In one APS, up to 25 sets of luma filter coefficients and clipping value indexes, and up to one set of chroma filter coefficients and clipping value indexes could be signalled. To reduce bits overhead, filter coefficients of different classification can be merged. In slice header, the indices of the APSs used for the current slice are signaled.

Clipping value indexes, which are decoded from the APS, allow determining clipping values using a Luma table of clipping values and a Chroma table of clipping values. These clipping values are dependent of the internal bitdepth. More precisely, the Luma table of clipping values and Chroma table of clipping values are obtained by the following formulas:

$\begin{matrix} {{{AlfClip}_{L} = \left\{ {{{round}\left( 2^{B\frac{N - n + 1}{N}} \right){for}{}n} \in \left\lbrack {1\ldots N} \right\rbrack} \right\}},} & \left( {2 - 9 - 12} \right) \end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix} {{AlfClip}_{C} = \left\{ {{{{round}{}\left( 2^{{({B - 8})} + {8\frac{({N - n})}{N - 1}}} \right)}{for}n} \in \left\lbrack {1\ldots N} \right\rbrack} \right\}} & \left( {2 - 9 - 13} \right) \end{matrix}$

with B equal to the internal bitdepth and N equal to 4 which is the number of allowed clipping values in VTM5.0.

The filtering process can be controlled at coding tree block (CTB) level. A flag is always signalled to indicate whether ALF is applied to a luma CTB. A luma CTB can choose a filter set among 16 fixed filter sets and the filter sets from APSs. A filter set index is signaled for a luma CTB to indicate which filter set is applied. The 16 fixed filter sets are pre-defined and hard-coded in both the encoder and the decoder.

The filter coefficients are quantized with norm equal to 128. In order to restrict the multiplication complexity, a bitstream conformance is applied so that the coefficient value of the non-central position shall be in the range of −2⁷ to 2⁷−1, inclusive. The central position coefficient is not signalled in the bitstream and is considered as equal to 128.

2.8.1.5 Filtering Process

At decoder side, when ALF is enabled for a CTB, each sample R(i, j) within the CU is filtered, resulting in sample value R′(i, j) as shown below,

R′(i,j)=R(i,j)+((Σ_(k≈0)Σ_(l≈0) f(k,l)×K(R(i+k, j+l)−R(i,j), c(k,l))+64)»7)   (2-9-14)

where f (k, l) denotes the decoded filter coefficients, K(x, y) is the clipping function and c(k, l) denotes the decoded clipping parameters. The variable k and l varies between

${- \frac{L}{2}}{and}\frac{L}{2}$

where L denotes the filter length. The clipping function K(x, y)=min(y, max(−y, x)) which corresponds to the function Clip3 (−y, y, x).

2.8.1.6 Virtual Boundary Filtering Process for Line Buffer Reduction

In VTM5, to reduce the line buffer requirement of ALF, modified block classification and filtering are employed for the samples near horizontal CTU boundaries. For this purpose, a virtual boundary is defined as a line by shifting the horizontal CTU boundary with “N” samples as shown in FIG. 10 with N equal to 4 for the Luma component and 2 for the Chroma component.

FIG. 10 shows an example of a modified block classification at virtual boundaries.

Modified block classification is applied for the Luma component as depicted in FIG. 11 activity value A is accordingly scaled by taking into account the reduced number of samples used in 1D Laplacian gradient calculation.

For filtering processing, symmetric padding operation at the virtual boundaries are used for both Luma and Chroma components. As shown in FIG. 11 , when the sample being filtered is located below the virtual boundary, the neighboring samples that are located above the virtual boundary are padded. Meanwhile, the corresponding samples at the other sides are also padded, symmetrically.

FIG. 11 shows examples of modified ALF filtering for Luma component at virtual boundaries.

2.9 Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO)

Sample adaptive offset (SAO) is applied to the reconstructed signal after the deblocking filter by using offsets specified for each CTB by the encoder. The HEVC reference model (HM) encoder first makes the decision on whether or not the SAO process is to be applied for current slice. If SAO is applied for the slice, each CTB is classified as one of five SAO types as shown in Table 2-6. The concept of SAO is to classify pixels into categories and reduces the distortion by adding an offset to pixels of each category. SAO operation includes Edge Offset (EO) which uses edge properties for pixel classification in SAO type 1-4 and Band Offset (BO) which uses pixel intensity for pixel classification in SAO type 5. Each applicable CTB has SAO parameters including sao_merge_left_flag, sao_merge_up_flag, SAO type and four offsets. If sao_merge_left_flag is equal to 1, the current CTB will reuse the SAO type and offsets of the CTB to the left. If sao_merge_up_flag is equal to 1, the current CTB will reuse SAO type and offsets of the CTB above.

TABLE 2-6 Specification of SAO type SAO sample adaptive offset type to Number of type be used categories 0 None 0 1 1-D 0-degree pattern edge offset 4 2 1-D 90-degree pattern edge offset 4 3 1-D 135-degree pattern edge 4 offset 4 1-D 45-degree pattern edge offset 4 5 band offset 4

2.9.1 Operation of each SAO Type

Edge offset uses four 1-D 3-pixel patterns for classification of the current pixel p by consideration of edge directional information, as shown in FIG. 12 . From left to right these are: 0-degree, 90-degree, 135-degree and 45-degree.

FIG. 12 shows examples of four 1-D 3-pixel patterns for the pixel classification in EO.

Each CTB is classified into one of five categories according to Table 2-7.

TABLE 2-7 Pixel classification rule for EO Category Condition Meaning 0 None of the below Largely monotonic 1 p < 2 neighbours Local minimum 2 p < 1 neighbour && p == 1 Edge neighbour 3 p > 1 neighbour && p == 1 Edge neighbour 4 p > 2 neighbours Local maximum

Band offset (BO) classifies all pixels in one CTB region into 32 uniform bands by using the five most significant bits of the pixel value as the band index. In other words, the pixel intensity range is divided into 32 equal segments from zero to the maximum intensity value (e.g., 255 for 8-bit pixels). Four adjacent bands are grouped together and each group is indicated by its most left-hand position as shown in FIG. 13 . The encoder searches all position to get the group with the maximum distortion reduction by compensating offset of each band.

FIG. 13 shows an example of four bands are grouped together and represented by its starting band position 2.10 Combined Inter and Intra Prediction (CIIP)

In VTMS, when a CU is coded in merge mode, if the CU contains at least 64 luma samples (that is, CU width times CU height is equal to or larger than 64), and if both CU width and CU height are less than 128 luma samples, an additional flag is signalled to indicate if the combined inter/intra prediction (CIIP) mode is applied to the current CU. As its name indicates, the CIIP prediction combines an inter prediction signal with an intra prediction signal. The inter prediction signal in the CIIP mode P_(inter) is derived using the same inter prediction process applied to regular merge mode; and the intra prediction signal P_(intra) is derived following the regular intra prediction process with the planar mode. Then, the intra and inter prediction signals are combined using weighted averaging, where the weight value is calculated depending on the coding modes of the top and left neighbouring blocks (depicted in FIG. 14 ) as follows:

-   -   If the top neighbor is available and intra coded, then set         isIntraTop to 1, otherwise set isIntraTop to 0;     -   If the left neighbor is available and intra coded, then set         isIntraLeft to 1, otherwise set isIntraLeft to 0;     -   If (isIntraLeft+isIntraLeft) is equal to 2, then wt is set to 3;     -   Otherwise, if (isIntraLeft+isIntraLeft) is equal to 1, then wt         is set to 2;     -   Otherwise, set wt to 1.

The CIIP prediction is formed as follows:

P _(CIIP)=((4−wt)*P _(inter) +wt*P _(intra)+2)»2   (3-2)

FIG. 14 shows examples of Top and left neighboring blocks used in CIIP weight derivation

2.11 Luma Mapping with Chroma Scaling (LMCS)

In VTM5, a coding tool called the luma mapping with chroma scaling (LMCS) is added as a new processing block before the loop filters. LMCS has two main components: 1) in-loop mapping of the luma component based on adaptive piecewise linear models; 2) for the chroma components, luma-dependent chroma residual scaling is applied. FIG. 15 shows the LMCS architecture from decoder's perspective. The dotted blocks in FIG. 15 indicate where the processing is applied in the mapped domain; and these include the inverse quantization, inverse transform, luma intra prediction and adding of the luma prediction together with the luma residual. The unpatterned blocks in FIG. 15 indicate where the processing is applied in the original (i.e., non-mapped) domain; and these include loop filters such as deblocking, ALF, and SAO, motion compensated prediction, chroma intra prediction, adding of the chroma prediction together with the chroma residual, and storage of decoded pictures as reference pictures. The checkered blocks in FIG. 15 are the new LMCS functional blocks, including forward and inverse mapping of the luma signal and a luma-dependent chroma scaling process. Like most other tools in VVC, LMCS can be enabled/disabled at the sequence level using an SPS flag.

FIG. 15 shows examples of Luma mapping with chroma scaling architecture.

2.12 Dualtree Partitioning

In the current VVC design, for I slices, each CTU can be split into coding units with 64×64 luma samples using an implicit quadtree split and that these coding units are the root of two separate coding_tree syntax structure for luma and chroma.

Since the dual tree in intra picture allows to apply different partitioning in the chroma coding tree compared to the luma coding tree, the dual tree introduces longer coding pipeline and the QTBT MinQTSizeC value range and MinBtSizeY and MinTTSizeY in chroma tree allow small chroma blocks such as 2×2, 4×2, and 2×4. It provides difficulties in practical decoder design. Moreover, several prediction modes such as cross-component linear model (CCLM), planar and angular mode needs multiplication. In order to alleviate the above-mentioned issues, small chroma block sizes (2×2/2×4/4×2) are restricted in dual tree as a partitioning restriction.

2.13 Smallest Chroma Intra Prediction Unit (SCIPU) in JVET-O0050

Small chroma size is not friendly to hardware implementation. In dualtree cases, chroma blocks with too small sizes are disallowed. However, in singletree cases, VVC draft 5 still allows 2×2, 2×4, 4×2 chroma blocks. To restrict the size of chroma block, in single coding tree, a SCIPU is defined in JVET-O0050 as a coding tree node whose chroma block size is larger than or equal to TH chroma samples and has at least one child luma block smaller than 4TH luma samples, where TH is set to 16 in this contribution. It is required that in each SCIPU, all CBs are inter, or all CBs are non-inter, i.e., either intra or IBC. In case of a non-inter SCIPU, it is further required that chroma of the non-inter SCIPU shall not be further split and luma of the SCIPU is allowed to be further split. In this way, the smallest chroma intra CB size is 16 chroma samples, and 2×2, 2×4, and 4×2 chroma CBs are removed. In addition, chroma scaling is not applied in case of a non-inter SCIPU.

Two SCIPU examples are shown in FIG. 16 . In FIG. 16 , one chroma CB of 8×4 chroma samples and three luma CBs (4×8, 8×8, 4×8 luma CBs) form one SCIPU because the ternary tree (TT) split from the 8×4 chroma samples would result in chroma CBs smaller than 16 chroma samples. In FIG. 16 , one chroma CB of 4×4 chroma samples (the left side of the 8×4 chroma samples) and three luma CBs (8×4, 4×4, 4×4 luma CBs) form one SCIPU, and the other one chroma CB of 4×4 samples (the right side of the 8×4 chroma samples) and two luma CBs (8×4, 8×4 luma CBs) form one SCIPU because the binary tree (BT) split from the 4×4 chroma samples would result in chroma CBs smaller than 16 chroma samples.

FIG. 16 shows SCIPU examples.

The type of a SCIPU is inferred to be non-inter if the current slice is an I-slice or the current SCIPU has a 4×4 luma partition in it after further split one time (because no inter 4×4 is allowed in VVC); otherwise, the type of the SCIPU (inter or non-inter) is indicated by one signalled flag before parsing the CUs in the SCIPU.

2.14 Small Chroma Block Constraints in VVC Draft 6

In VVC draft 6 (JVET-O2001-vE.docx), the constraints on small chroma blocks are implemented as follows (related part is marked in boldface italics).

Descriptor coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv, cqtDepth, mttDe pth, depthOffset,   partIdx, treeTypeCurr, modeTypeCurr ) {  . . .  if( split_cu_flag ) {   if( ( allowSplitBtVer | | allowSplitBtHor | | allowSplitTtVer | | allowSplitTtHor ) &&    allowSplitQT )   split_qt_flag ae(v)  if( !split_qt_flag ) {   if( ( allowSplitBtHor | | allowSplitTtHor ) &&    ( allowSplitBtVer | | allowSplitTtVer ) )    mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ae(v)   if( ( allowSplitBtVer && allowSplitTtVer && mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ) | |    ( allowSplitBtHor && allowSplitTtHor && !mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ) )    mtt_split_cu_binary_flag ae(v)   }   if( modeTypeCondition == 1 )     modeType = MODE_TYPE_INTRA    else if( modeTypeCondition = = 2 ) {     mode_constraint_flag ae(v)  modeType = mode_constraint_flag ? MODE_TYPE_INTRA : MODE_TYPE_INTER    } else {     modeType = modeTypeCurr    }     treeType = ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA ) ? DUAL_TREE_LUMA : treeTypeCurr  if( !split qt flag ) {  if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_VER ) {   depthOffset += ( x0 + cbWidth > pic_width_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0   x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )   coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 1,     cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )   if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma-samples )   coding_tree( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeightY, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv +1,     cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )  } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_HOR ) {   depthOffset += (y0 + cbHeight > pic_height_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0   y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 2 )   coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 1,    cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType)   if( yl <pic height in luma samples)   coding_tree( x0, yl, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv +1,    cqtDepth, mttDepth +1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType)  } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_TT_VER ) {   x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 4 )   x2 = x0 + ( 3 * cbWidth / 4 )   qgOnY = qgOnY && ( cb Subdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )   qgOnC = qgOnC && ( cb Subdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )   coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 2,    cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType)   coding_tree( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 1,    cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType)   coding_tree( x2, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 2,    cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType)  } else { /* SPLIT_TT_HOR */   y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 4 )   y2 = y0 + ( 3 * cbHeight / 4 )   qgOnY = qgOnY && ( cb Subdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )   qgOnC = qgOnC && ( cb Subdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )   coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 2,    cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType)   coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 1,    cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType)   coding_tree( x0, y2, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 2,    cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType)  }  } else {  x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )  y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 2 )  coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 2,    cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 0, treeType, modeType)  if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )   coding_tree( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 2,    cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 1, treeType, modeType)  if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )   coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 2,    cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 2, treeType, modeType)  if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples && x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )   coding_tree( x1, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeigh t/ 2, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv + 2,    cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 3, treeType, modeType )  }  if( modeTypeCur = = MODE_TYPE_ALL && modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA ) {   coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cbSubdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, 0, 0    Dual_TreeChroma , modeType )     }  } else  coding_unit( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeTypeCurr, , modeTypeCurr ) }

2.14.1.1 Coding Unit Syntax

Descriptor coding_unit( x0, y 0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeType, modeType ) {  chType = tree Type = = DUAL_TREE_CHROMA? 1 : 0  if( slice_type != I | | sps_ibc_enabled_flag | | sps_palette_enabled_flag) {   if( treeType != DUAL_TREE_CHROMA &&    !( ( ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) | | modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA )     && !sps_ibc_enabled_flag))    cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)   if( cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 && slice_type != I    && !( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) && modeType = = MODE_TYPE_ALL)    pred_mode_flag ae(v)   if( ( ( slice_type = = I && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = =0 ) | |     ( slice_type != I && ( CuPredMode[ chType ][ x0 ][ y0 ] != MODE _INTRA | |      ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 ) ) ) ) &&    cbWidth <= 64 && cbHeight <= 64 && modeType != MODE_TYPE_INTER &&    sps_ibc_enabled_flag && treeType != DUAL_TREE_CHROMA )    pred_mode_ibc_flag ae(v)   if( ( ( ( slice_type == I | | ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) | | sps_ibc_enabled_flag ) &&       CuPredMode[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = MODE_INTRA) | |     ( slice_type != I && !( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4) && !sps_ibc_enabled_flag      && CuPredMode[ x0 ][ y0 ] != MODE_INTRA ) ) && sps_palette_enabled_flag &&    cbWidth <= 64 && cbHeight <= 64 && && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 &&    modeType != MODE_INTER)   pred_mode_plt_flag ae(v)  } ...

The variable modeTypeCondition is derived as follows:

-   -   If one of the following conditions are true, modeTypeCondition         is set equal to 0         -   slice_type==I and qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is equal to 1         -   modeTypeCurr is not equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and split_qt_flag is equal             to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and MttSplitMode             [x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 32 and MttSplitMode             [x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or SPLIT_BT_VER     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1=(slice_type !=I ? 1: 0)         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and MttSplitMode             [x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 128 and MttSplitMode             [x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or SPLIT_TT_VER     -   Otherwise, modeTypeCondition is set equal to 0         Allowed quad split process

Inputs to this process are:

-   -   a coding block size cbSize in luma samples,     -   a multi-type tree depth mttDepth,     -   a variable treeType specifying whether a single tree         (SINGLE_TREE) or a dual tree is used to partition the CTUs and,         when a dual tree is used, whether the luma (DUAL_TREE_LUMA) or         chroma components (DUAL_TREE_CHROMA) are currently processed,     -   a variable modeType specifying whether intra (MODE_INTRA), IBC         (MODE_IBC), palette (MODE_PLT), and inter coding modes can be         used (MODE_TYPE_ALL), or whether only intra, IBC, and palette         coding modes can be used (MODE_TYPE_INTRA), or whether only         inter coding modes can be used (MODE_TYPE_INTER) for coding         units inside the coding tree node.

Output of this process is the variable allowSplitQt.

The variable allowSplitQt is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowSplitQt is set equal to FALSE:         -   treeType is equal to SINGLE_TREE or DUAL_TREE_LUMA and             cbSize is less than or equal to MinQtSizeY         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and cbSize/SubWidthC             is less than or equal to MinQtSizeC         -   mttDepth is not equal to 0         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and (cbSize/SubWidthC)             is less than or equal to 4         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA     -   Otherwise, allowSplitQt is set equal to TRUE.

Allowed Binary Split Process

Inputs to this process are:

-   -   a binary split mode btSplit,     -   a coding block width cbWidth in luma samples,     -   a coding block height cbHeight in luma samples,     -   a location (x0, y0) of the top-left luma sample of the         considered coding block relative to the top-left luma sample of         the picture,     -   a multi-type tree depth mttDepth,     -   a maximum multi-type tree depth with offset maxMttDepth,     -   a maximum binary tree size maxBtSize,     -   a minimium quadtree size minQtSize,     -   a partition index partIdx,     -   a variable treeType specifying whether a single tree         (SINGLE_TREE) or a dual tree is used to partition the CTUs and,         when a dual tree is used, whether the luma (DUAL_TREE_LUMA) or         chroma components (DUAL_TREE_CHROMA) are currently processed,     -   a variable treeType specifying whether a single tree         (SINGLE_TREE) or a dual tree is used to partition the CTUs and,         when a dual tree is used, whether the luma (DUAL_TREE_LUMA) or         chroma components (DUAL_TREE_CHROMA) are currently processed,     -   a variable modeType specifying whether intra (MODE_INTRA), IBC         (MODE_IBC), palette (MODE_PLT), and inter coding modes can be         used (MODE_TYPE_ALL), or whether only intra, IBC, and palette         coding modes can be used (MODE_TYPE_INTRA), or whether only         inter coding modes can be used (MODE_TYPE_INTER) for coding         units inside the coding tree node.

Output of this process is the variable allowBtSplit.

TABLE 6-2 Specification of parallelTtSplit and cbSize based on btSplit. btSplit = = SPLIT_BT_VER btSplit = = SPLIT_BT_HOR parallelTtSplit SPLIT_TT_VER SPLIT_TT_HOR cbSize cbWidth cbHeight

The variables parallelTtSplit and cbSize are derived as specified in Table 6-2.

The variable allowBtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to MinBtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than maxBtSize         -   cbHeight is greater than maxBtSize         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 16     -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal to         MODE_TYPE_INTRA     -   Otherwise, if all of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE         -   btSplit is equal to SPLIT_BT_VER         -   y0+cbHeight is greater than pic_height_in_luma_samples     -   Otherwise, if all of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE         -   btSplit is equal to SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbHeight is greater than MaxTbSizeY         -   x0+cbWidth is greater than pic_width_in_luma_samples     -   Otherwise, if all of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE         -   btSplit is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR         -   cbWidth is greater than MaxTbSizeY         -   y0+cbHeight is greater than pic_height_in_luma_samples     -   Otherwise, if all of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE         -   x0+cbWidth is greater than pic_width_in_luma_samples         -   y0+cbHeight is greater than pic_height_in_luma_samples         -   cbWidth is greater than minQtSize     -   Otherwise, if all of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE         -   btSplit is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR         -   x0+cbWidth is greater than pic_width_in_luma_samples         -   y0+cbHeight is less than or equal to             pic_height_in_luma_samples     -   Otherwise, if all of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   mttDepth is greater than 0         -   partIdx is equal to 1         -   MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth−1] is equal to parallelTtSplit     -   Otherwise, if all of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE         -   btSplit is equal to SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth is less than or equal to MaxTbSizeY         -   cbHeight is greater than MaxTbSizeY     -   Otherwise, if all of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE         -   btSplit is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR         -   cbWidth is greater than MaxTbSizeY         -   cbHeight is less than or equal to MaxTbSizeY     -   Otherwise, allowBtSplit is set equal to TRUE.

Allowed Ternary Split Process

Inputs to this process are:

-   -   a ternary split mode ttSplit,     -   a coding block width cbWidth in luma samples,     -   a coding block height cbHeight in luma samples,     -   a location (x0, y0) of the top-left luma sample of the         considered coding block relative to the top-left luma sample of         the picture,     -   a multi-type tree depth mttDepth     -   a maximum multi-type tree depth with offset maxMttDepth,     -   a maximum ternary tree size maxTtSize,     -   a variable treeType specifying whether a single tree         (SINGLE_TREE) or a dual tree is used to partition the CTUs and,         when a dual tree is used, whether the luma (DUAL_TREE_LUMA) or         chroma components (DUAL_TREE_CHROMA) are currently processed,     -   a variable modeType specifying whether intra (MODE_INTRA), IBC         (MODE_IBC), palette (MODE_PLT), and inter coding modes can be         used (MODE_TYPE_ALL), or whether only intra, IBC, and palette         coding modes can be used (MODE_TYPE_INTRA), or whether only         inter coding modes can be used (MODE_TYPE_INTER) for coding         units inside the coding tree node.

Output of this process is the variable allowTtSplit.

TABLE 6-3 Specification of cbSize based on ttSplit. ttSplit = = SPLIT_TT_VER ttSplit = = SPLIT_TT_HOR cbSize cbWidth cbHeight

The variable cbSize is derived as specified in Table 6-3.

The variable allowTtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowTtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to 2*MinTtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   cbHeight is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   x0+cbWidth is greater than pic_width_in_luma_samples         -   y0+cbHeight is greater than pic_height_in_luma_samples         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 32         -   TreeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA     -   Otherwise, allowTtSplit is set equal to TRUE.

pred_mode_flag equal to 0 specifies that the current coding unit is coded in inter prediction mode.

pred_mode_flag equal to 1 specifies that the current coding unit is coded in intra prediction mode.

When pred_mode_flag is not present, it is inferred as follows:

-   -   If cbWidth is equal to 4 and cbHeight is equal to 4,         pred_mode_flag is inferred to be equal to 1.     -   Otherwise, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA,         pred_mode_flag is inferred to be equal to 1.     -   Otherwise, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER,         pred_mode_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   Otherwise, pred_mode_flag is inferred to be equal to 1 when         decoding an I slice, and equal to 0 when decoding a P or B         slice, respectively.

The variable CuPredMode[chType][x][y] is derived as follows for x=x0 . . . x0+cbWidth−1 and y=y0 . . . y0+cbHeight−1:

-   -   If pred_mode_flag is equal to 0, CuPredMode[chType][x][y] is set         equal to MODE_INTER.     -   Otherwise (pred_mode_flag is equal to 1),         CuPredMode[chType][x][y] is set equal to MODE_INTRA.

pred_mode_ibc_flag equal to 1 specifies that the current coding unit is coded in IBC prediction mode. pred_mode_ibc_flag equal to 0 specifies that the current coding unit is not coded in IBC prediction mode.

When pred_mode_ibc_flag is not present, it is inferred as follows:

-   -   If cu_skip_flag[x0][y0] is equal to 1, and cbWidth is equal to         4, and cbHeight is equal to 4, pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to         be equal 1.     -   Otherwise, if both cbWidth and cbHeight are equal to 128,         pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   Otherwise, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA,         pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to be equal to 1.     -   Otherwise, if treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA,         pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   Otherwise, pred_mode_ibc_flag is infered to be equal to the         value of sps_ibc_enabled_flag when decoding an I slice, and 0         when decoding a P or B slice, respectively.

When pred_mode_ibc_flag is equal to 1, the variable CuPredMode[chType][x][y] is set to be equal to MODE_IBC for x=x0 . . . x0+cbWidth−1 and y=y0 . . . y0+cbHeight−1.

3. PROBLEMS

-   -   1. Currently IBC is considered as MODE_TYPE_INTRA and thus small         chroma block is disallowed, which leads to unnecessary coding         efficiency loss.     -   2. Currently palette is considered as MODE_TYPE_INTRA and thus         small chroma block is disallowed, which leads to unnecessary         coding efficiency loss.     -   3. Currently small chroma block constraints do not consider         color subsampling format.     -   4. Currently same partition and prediction mode constraints on         small blocks is applied to all chroma formats. However, it may         be desirable to design different constraint mechanisms on small         blocks in 4:2:0 and 4:2:2 chroma formats.     -   5. Currently the Palette mode flag signaling depends on the         modeType, which is not desirable as palette may be not apply         small block constraints.     -   6. Currently the IBC mode flag is inferred to be 0 for P/B slice         with cu_skip_flag equal to 1 but MODE_TYPE equal to         MODE_TYPE_INTRA, this is illegal in the syntax parsing.     -   7. Currently, non-4×4 luma IBC mode is not allowed for SCIPU         luma blocks, which may be not desirable and may cause coding         efficiency loss.     -   8. 2×H chroma block is still allowed, which is not friendly to         hardware implementation.     -   9. CIIP is considered as of MODE_INTER while it uses intra         prediction, which breaks the constraints in some cases.     -   10. When SCIPU is applied, delta QP for chroma may be signaled         depending on the luma splitting. For example, when the current         block dimensions are 16×8 in luma samples and are split with         vertical TT, a local dual tree may be applied. It is specified         that qgOnC=qgOnC && (cbSubdiv+2<=cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv) So         qgOnC is set to zero if cbSubdiv+2<=cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv.         This conditional setting assumes that the chroma component is         also split by TT. With the local dual tree, the chroma component         may not be split, thus cbSubdiv may be larger than         cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv. IsCuChromaQpOffsetCoded should be         set to be 0 to allow signaling delta QP for chroma. However,         IsCuChromaQpOffsetCoded is not set to be 0 because qgOnC is set         to be 0.     -   11. The maximum transform size for lossless coding may be set         differently from the maximum transform size for lossy coding.

4. EXAMPLES OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS AND EMBODIMENTS

The listing below should be considered as examples. These techniques should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these techniques can be combined in any manner.

In this disclosure, “M×N coding tree node” indicates a M×N block, with M as the block width and N as the block height in luma samples, which may be further partitioned, such as by quad tree (QT)/binary tree (BT)/ternary tree (TT). For example, a block could be a QT node, or a BT node, or a TT node. A coding tree node could be a coding unit (e.g., with three color components for single tree, with two chroma color components for dual tree chroma coding, and only luma color component for dual tree luma coding), or a luma coding block, or a chroma coding block. A “small coding tree node unit” may indicate a coding tree node with block size M×N equal to 32/64/128 in luma samples.

If not specifically mentioned, the width W and height H for a coding block is measured in luma samples. For example, M×N coding block means a M×N luma block, and/or two (M/SubWidthC)×(N/SubHeightC) chroma blocks, where SubWidthC and SubHeightC are derived by chroma format as below.

Chroma SubWidth SubHeight chroma_format_idc separate_colour_plane_flag format C C 0 0 Monochrome 1 1 1 0 4:2:0 2 2 2 0 4:2:2 2 1 3 0 4:4:4 1 1 3 1 4:4:4 1 1

-   -   1. Whether and/or how to partition into small blocks may depend         on color formats.         -   a. In one example, for 4:4:4 color format, the constraints             on the sizes of chroma blocks may follow those constraints             on luma blocks.         -   b. In one example, for 4:2:2 color format, the constraints             on the sizes of chroma blocks may follow those constraints             for 4:2:0 color format.         -   c. In one example, for 4:0:0, and/or 4:4:4 chroma format,             the constraints on small block partitions and/or prediction             modes may be not applied.         -   d. In one example, the constraints on small block partitions             and/or prediction modes may be applied differently for             different chroma formats.             -   i. In one example, for M×N (such as 8×8) coding tree                 node with horizontal BT split, in 4:2:2 chroma format,                 the horizontal BT split may be allowed for both chroma                 block and luma block, while in 4:2:0 chroma format, the                 horizontal BT split may be allowed for luma block but                 disabled for chroma block.             -   ii. In one example, for M×N (such as 16×4) coding tree                 node with vertical BT split, in 4:2:2 chroma format, the                 vertical BT split may be allowed for both chroma block                 and luma block, while in 4:2:0 chroma format, the                 vertical BT split may be allowed for luma block but                 disabled for chroma block.             -   iii. In one example, for M×N (such as 8×16) coding tree                 node with horizontal TT split, in 4:2:2 chroma format,                 the horizontal TT split may be allowed for both chroma                 block and luma block, while in 4:2:0 chroma format, the                 horizontal TT split may be allowed for luma block but                 disabled for chroma block.             -   iv. In one example, for M×N (such as 32×4) coding tree                 node with vertical TT split, in 4:2:2 chroma format, the                 vertical TT split may be allowed for both chroma block                 and luma block, while in 4:2:0 chroma format, the                 vertical TT split may be allowed for luma block but                 disabled for chroma block.             -   v. In one example, for 4:0:0, and/or 4:4:4 color                 formats, small block constraints may be not applied.         -   e. In one example, whether to enable SCIPU is dependent on             the color format.             -   i. In one example, SCIPU is enabled for 4:2:0 and 4:2:2                 color formats.             -   ii. In one example, SCIPU is disabled for 4:0:0 and/or                 4:4:4 color format.                 -   1. In one example, modeType may be always equal to                     MODE_TYPE_ALL for 4:0:0 and/or 4:4:4 color format.                 -   2. In one example, modeTypeCondition may be always                     equal to 0 for 4:0:0 and/or 4:4:4 color format.     -   2. How to determine the prediction modes (and/or modeType) for         (sub-)blocks of a coding tree node may depend on chroma formats.         -   a. In one example, if one of the below conditions is true,             the modeType of (sub-)blocks partitioned by this coding tree             node may be equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL for 4:2:2 chroma format,             while for 4:2:0 chroma format, the modeType may be equal to             either MODE_TYPE_INTRA or MODE_TYPE_INTER.             -   i. M×N (such as 8×8) coding tree node with horizontal BT                 split             -   ii. M×N (such as 16×4) coding tree node with vertical BT                 split             -   iii. M×N (such as 8×16) coding tree node with horizontal                 TT split             -   iv. M×N (such as 32×4) coding tree node with vertical TT                 split     -   3. It is proposed to rename MODE_TYPE_INTRA to         MODE_TYPE_NO_INTER and restrict the usage of MODE_INTER.         -   a. In one example, when modeType of a coding unit is equal             to MODE_TYPE_NO_INTER, MODE_INTER may be disallowed.     -   4. It is proposed to rename MODE_TYPE_INTER to         MODE_TYPE_NO_INTRA and restrict the usage of MODE_INTRA.         -   a. In one example, when modeType of a coding unit is equal             to MODE_TYPE_NO_INTRA, MODE_INTRA may be disallowed.     -   5. The mode constraint flag may be never signaled in 4:2:2         and/or 4:0:0 and/or 4:4:4 chroma formats.         -   a. In one example, when mode constraint flag is not present,             it may be inferred to equal to be 1.             -   i. Alternatively, when mode constraint flag is not                 present, it may be inferred to equal to be 0.     -   6. Whether and/or how to apply SCIPU on an M×N coding block with         M as the block width and N as the block height may depend on         whether the color format is 4:2:0 or 4:2:2.         -   a. In one example, in 4:2:2 color format, for an M×N coding             block with M as the block width and N as the block height,             SCIPU may be enabled only if M multiplied by N (denoted by             M*N) is equal to 64 or 32.         -   b. In one example, a coding tree node with M*N=128 may be             never treated as SCIPU block in 4:2:2 color format.         -   c. In one example, a coding tree node with BT split and             M*N=64 may be never treated as SCIPU block in 4:2:2 color             format.         -   d. In one example, a coding tree node with split_qt_flag             equal to 1 and M*N=64, may be an SCIPU block in 4:2:2 color             format.         -   e. In one example, a coding tree node with TT split and             M*N=64, may be treated as SCIPU block in 4:2:2 color format.         -   f. In one example, a coding tree node with BT split and             M*N=32, may be treated as SCIPU block in 4:2:2 color format.         -   g. In above description, for an SCIPU block in 4:2:2 color             format, the modeTypeCondition may be always equal to 1.         -   h. In above description, for an SCIPU block in 4:2:2 color             format, only MODE_TYPE_INTRA may be allowed for both the             current block in parent node and all sub-blocks under child             leaf nodes.     -   7. In 4:2:2 color format, modeTypeCondition of an SCIPU block         may be always equal to 1.         -   a. In one example, modeTypeCondition may be equal to 0 or 1             for 4:2:2 color format.         -   b. In one example, for SCIPU blocks in 4:2:2 color format,             modeTypeCondition may be never equal to 2.     -   8. In 4:2:2 color format, modeType of an SCIPU block may be         always equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA.         -   a. In one example, modeType may be equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL or             MODE_TYPE_INTRA in 4:2:2 color format.         -   b. In one example, for SCIPU blocks in 4:2:2 color format,             MODE_TYPE_INTER may be disabled.     -   9. Whether the block partition is allowed or not may be         dependent on the modeType, and/or the block size.         -   a. In one example, whether BT and/or TT split is allowed for             a block may be dependent on the modeType.             -   i. In one example, if modeType is equal to                 MODE_TYPE_INTER, then BT split may be disallowed for the                 current coding block (e.g., allowBtSplit is set equal to                 false).             -   ii. In one example, if modeType is equal to                 MODE_TYPE_INTER, then TT split may be disallowed for the                 current coding block (e.g., allowTtSplit is set equal to                 false).         -   b. In one example, whether BT and/or TT split is allowed for             a block may be dependent on the modeType and the block size.             -   i. In one example, for an M×N coding block, with M as                 the block width and N as the block height, when M*N is                 less than or equal to 32 and modeType is equal to                 MODE_TYPE_INTER, the BT split may be disallowed (e.g.,                 allowBtSplit is set equal to false).             -   ii. In one example, for an M×N coding block, with M as                 the block width and N as the block height, when M*N is                 less than or equal to 64 and modeType is equal to                 MODE_TYPE_INTER, the TT split may be disallowed (e.g.,                 allowTtSplit is set equal to false).     -   10. When modeTypeCurr of a coding tree is equal to         MODE_TYPE_INTER, split of the coding tree may be restricted         -   a. In one example, when modeTypeCurr of a coding tree is             equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER, BT split may be disallowed.         -   b. In one example, when modeTypeCurr of a coding tree is             equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER, TT split may be disallowed.         -   c. In one example, when modeTypeCurr of a coding tree is             equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER, QT split may be disallowed.         -   d. In one example, when modeTypeCurr of a coding tree is             equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and luma block size is less than or             equal to 32, BT split may be disallowed.         -   e. In one example, when modeTypeCurr of a coding tree is             equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and luma block size is less than or             equal to 64, TT split may be disallowed.     -   11. A coding unit with treeType being DUAL_TREE_LUMA may be         coded in inter mode.         -   a. In one example, coding unit coded in inter coding mode,             i.e., MODE_INTER may only contain luma component even for             color formats with multiple color components.         -   b. In one example, pred_mode_flag may need to be parsed for             DUAL_TREE_LUMA block.         -   c. In one example, for DUAL_TREE_LUMA block coded in inter             mode, the same constraints of inter mode for SINGLE_TREE may             be also applied.             -   i. In one example, 4×4 DUAL_TREE_LUMA inter block may be                 disallowed.     -   12. Chroma intra (and/or IBC) blocks with block width equal to M         (such as M=2) chroma samples may be not allowed.         -   a. In one example, 2×N (such as N<=64) chroma intra blocks             may be not allowed in dual tree.             -   i. In one example, when treeType is equal to                 DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and the block width is equal to 4                 chroma samples, vertical BT split may be disabled.             -   ii. In one example, when treeType is equal to                 DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and the block width is equal to 8                 chroma samples, vertical TT split may be disabled.         -   b. In one example, 2×N (such as N<=64) chroma intra (and/or             IBC) blocks may be not allowed in single tree.             -   i. In one example, for M×N (such as M=8 and N<=64)                 coding tree node with vertical BT split, one of below                 process may be applied.                 -   1. Vertical BT split may be disallowed for the 4×N                     or 4×(N/2) chroma block but allowed for the 8×N luma                     block.                 -   2. The 4×N or 4×(N/2) chroma block may be not                     vertical BT split, and it may be coded by                     MODE_INTRA, or MODE_IBC.                 -   3. Vertical BT split may be allowed for both the 8×N                     luma block and the 4×N or 4×(N/2) chroma block, but                     both luma and chroma blocks not coded by MODE_INTRA                     (e.g., may be coded by MODE_INTER, or MODE_IBC).             -   ii. In one example, for M×N (such as M=16 and N<=64)                 coding tree node with vertical TT split, one of below                 process may be applied.                 -   1. Vertical TT split may be disallowed for the 8×N                     or 8×(N/2) chroma block but allowed for the 16×N                     luma block.                 -   2. The 8×N or 8×(N/2) chroma block may be not                     vertical TT split and coded by MODE_INTRA, or                     MODE_IBC.                 -   3. Vertical TT split may be allowed for both the                     16×N luma block and the 8×N or 8×(N/2) chroma block,                     but both luma and chroma blocks may be not coded by                     MODE_INTRA (e.g., may be coded by MODE_INTER, or                     MODE_IBC).     -   13. IBC mode may be allowed for luma and/or chroma blocks         regardless of whether it is of small block size.         -   a. In one example, IBC mode may be allowed for luma blocks             including 8×4/8×8/16×4 and 4×N (such as N<=64) luma blocks,             even if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA.         -   b. In one example, IBC mode may be allowed for chroma             blocks, even if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA.     -   14. The signaling of IBC prediction mode flag may depend on         prediction mode type (e.g., MODE_TYPE_INTRA).         -   a. In one example, IBC prediction mode flag for a non-SKIP             block (e.g., a coding block which is not coded by skip mode)             may be explicitly signaled in the bitstream when the             treeType is not equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and the modeType             is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA.     -   15. IBC prediction mode flag may be inferred depending on the CU         SKIP flag and the mode type (e.g., modeType).         -   a. In one example, if the current block is coded with SKIP             mode (such as cu_skip_flag is equal to 1), and the modeType             is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA, the IBC prediction mode flag             (such as pred_mode_ibc_flag) may be inferred to be equal to             1.     -   16. The explicit signaling of Palette mode flag may not depend         on the modeType.         -   a. In one example, palette mode flag (such as             pred_mode_plt_flag) signaling may depend on the slice type,             block size, prediction mode, etc., But no matter what the             modeType is.         -   b. In one example, palette mode flag (such as             pred_mode_plt_flag) is inferred to be 0 when modeType is             equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER or MODE_TYPE_INTRA.     -   17. IBC mode may be allowed to use when modeType is equal to         MODE_TYPE_INTER         -   a. In one example, chroma IBC may be disallowed when             modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA.         -   b. In one example, IBC mode may be allowed to use when             modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA or MODE_TYPE_INTER.         -   c. In one example, IBC mode may be allowed to use regardless             what modeType is.         -   d. In one example, within one SCIPU, IBC and inter mode may             be both allowed.         -   e. In one example, the size of IBC chroma block may always             corresponds to the size of corresponding luma block.         -   f. In one example, when modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER             and coding unit size is 4×4 in luma, signaling of             pred_mode_ibc_flag may be skipped and pred_mode_ibc_flag may             be inferred to be equal to 1.     -   18. Palette mode may be allowed to use when modeType is         MODE_TYPE_INTER         -   a. In one example, chroma palette may be disallowed when             modeType is MODE_TYPE_INTRA.         -   b. In one example, IBC mode may be allowed to use when             modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA or MODE_TYPE_INTER.         -   c. In one example, IBC mode may be allowed to use regardless             what modeType is.         -   d. In one example, palette mode may be allowed to use when             modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA or MODE_TYPE_INTER.         -   e. In one example, palette mode may be allowed to use             regardless what modeType is.         -   f. In one example, within one SCIPU, palette and inter mode             may be both allowed.         -   g. In one example, within one SCIPU, palette, IBC and inter             mode may be all allowed.         -   h. In one example, the size of palette chroma block may             always corresponds to the size of corresponding luma block.         -   i. In one example, when modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER             and coding unit size is 4×4 in luma, signaling of             pred_mode_plt_flag may be skipped and pred_mode_plt_flag may             be inferred to be equal to 1.         -   j. In one example, when modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER             and coding unit size is 4×4 in luma, one message may be sent             to indicated if the current prediction mode is of IBC or             palette.         -   k. In one example, whether to enable/disable Palette mode             may depend on slice types and modeType.             -   i. In one example, for I slices with MODE_TYPE_INTRA,                 Palette mode may be enabled.             -   ii. In one example, for P/B slices with MODE_TYPE_INTER,                 Palette mode may be enabled.     -   19. When palette mode is enabled, local dualtree may be         disallowed.         -   a. In one example, when palette mode is enabled,             modeTypeCondition may be always set equal to 0.     -   20. For small chroma blocks with width equal to M (e.g., M=2) or         height equal to N (e.g., N=2), allowed intra prediction modes         may be restricted to be different from those allowed for large         chroma blocks.         -   a. In one example, only a subset of intra prediction mode of             available chroma intra prediction modes may be used.         -   b. In one example, only INTRA_DC mode may be used.         -   c. In one example, only INTRA_PLANAR mode may be used.         -   d. In one example, only INTRA_ANGULAR18 mode may be used.         -   e. In one example, only INTRA_ANGULAR50 mode may be used.         -   f. In one example, CCLM modes may be disallowed.     -   21. For small chroma blocks with width equal to M (e.g., M=2) or         height equal to N (e.g., N=2), transform types may be restricted         to be different from those allowed for large chroma blocks.         -   a. In one example, only transform skip may be used.         -   b. In one example, only one-dimensional transform may be             used.         -   c. In one example, coding tools that support multiple types             of transforms are disallowed.             -   i. Alternatively, the signaling of coding tools that                 support multiple types of transforms is omitted.     -   22. CIIP may be considered as MODE_TYPE_INTRA.         -   a. In one example, CIIP mode may be allowed when dualtree             partitioning is used.             -   i. In one example, CIIP mode may be allowed when CU type                 is of DUAL_TREEE_CHROMA.         -   b. Alternatively, CIIP may be considered as MODE_TYPE_INTER             -   i. In one example, when chroma block width is equal to M                 (e.g., M=2), CIIP mode may be disallowed.             -   ii. In one example, when chroma block width is equal to                 M (e.g., M=2), intra prediction modes for chroma in CIIP                 may be restricted to simple intra prediction mode.                 -   1. In one example, INTRA_DC may be used for chroma                     intra prediction, when chroma block width is equal                     to M (e.g., M=2).                 -   2. In one example, INTRA_ANGULAR18 may be used for                     chroma intra prediction, when chroma block width is                     equal to M (e.g., M=2).                 -   3. In one example, INTRA_ANGULAR50 may be used for                     chroma intra prediction, when chroma block width is                     equal to M (e.g., M=2).             -   iii. In one example, intra prediction modes for chroma                 in CIIP may be restricted to simple intra prediction                 mode.                 -   1. In one example, INTRA_DC may be used for chroma                     intra prediction.                 -   2. In one example, INTRA_ANGULAR18 mode may be used                     for chroma intra prediction.                 -   3. In one example, INTRA_ANGULAR50 mode may be used                     for chroma intra prediction.     -   23. For above bullets, the variables M and/or N may be         pre-defined or signaled.         -   a. In one example, M and/or N may be further dependent on             color formats (e.g., 4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4).     -   24. modeType may be extended to cover more types.         -   a. In one example, modeType may be MODE_TYPE_IBC. When             modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_IBC, the prediction mode is             inferred to be IBC.             -   i. In one example, pred_mode_flag is not signaled in                 this case.             -   ii. In one example, pred_mode_ibc_flag is not signaled                 in this case.             -   iii. In one example, pred_mode_plt_flag is not signaled                 in this case.         -   b. In one example, modeType may be MODE_TYPE_PALETTE. When             modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_PALETTE, the prediction mode             is inferred to be Palette mode.             -   i. In one example, pred_mode_flag is not signaled in                 this case.             -   ii. In one example, pred_mode_ibc_flag is not signaled                 in this case.             -   iii. In one example, pred_mode_plt_flag is not signaled                 in this case.         -   c. In one example, mode_constraint_flag may be replaced by             an index to tell which one of allowed modeTypes are used.     -   25. In one example, whether QT split is allowed for a block with         dimensions W×H may depend on modeType combined with dimensions.         -   a. For example, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and             W is equal to 8 and H is equal to 8, QT spit is disallowed.     -   26. In one example, whether vertical TT split is allowed for a         block with dimensions W×H may depend on modeType combined with         dimensions.         -   a. For example, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and             W is equal to 16 and H is equal to 4, vertical TT spit is             disallowed.     -   27. In one example, whether horizontal TT split is allowed for a         block with dimensions W×H may depend on modeType combined with         dimensions.         -   a. For example, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and             W is equal to 4 and H is equal to 16, horizontal TT spit is             disallowed.     -   28. In one example, whether vertical BT split is allowed for a         block with dimensions W×H may depend on modeType combined with         dimensions.         -   a. For example, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and             W is equal to 8 and H is equal to 4, vertical BT spit is             disallowed.     -   29. In one example, whether horizontal TT split is allowed for a         block with dimensions W×H may depend on modeType combined with         dimensions.         -   a. For example, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and             W is equal to 4 and H is equal to 8, horizontal BT spit is             disallowed.     -   30. In one example, whether the prediction mode of a CU is         inferred by modeType may depend on color components and/or block         dimensions W×H.         -   a. For example, the prediction mode of a chroma CU is             inferred by modeType; but the prediction mode of a luma CU             is signaled instead of inferred by modeType.             -   i. For example, the prediction mode of a luma CU is                 signaled instead of inferred by modeType if W>4 or H>4.     -   31. When SCIPU is applied, whether to and/or how to signal the         information related to delta QP of a first component may depend         on the splitting way of the first component.         -   a. In one example, when SCIPU is applied, whether to and/or             how to signal the information related to delta QP of a first             component may depend on the splitting way of the first             component and decoupled from the splitting way of a second             component.         -   b. In one example, the first component is luma and the             second component is chroma.         -   c. In one example, the first component is chroma and the             second component is luma.     -   32. Any variable related to delta QP of a first component cannot         be modified during the decoding or parsing process of a second         component when dual tree and/or local dual tree coding structure         is applied.         -   a. In one example, the local dual tree coding structure may             be used according to SCIPU.         -   b. In one example, the first component is luma and the             second component is chroma.             -   i. The variable may be IsCuQpDeltaCoded.         -   c. In one example, the first component is chroma and the             second component is luma.             -   i. The variable may be IsCuChromaQpOffsetCoded.     -   33. When SCIPU is applied, the information related to delta QP         of a component (such as luma or chroma) may be signaled at most         once in a specific region wherein the luma component and the         chroma component are required to share the same mode type (such         as MODE_TYPE_INTER or MODE_TYPE_INTRA).         -   a. In one example, the specific region is a regarded as a             quantization group.     -   34. M×N chroma intra blocks with M as block width and N as block         height may be not allowed.         -   a. In one example, DC prediction may be used for M×N chroma             intra prediction, for example, M=2 chroma samples, N=8             and/or 16 and/or 32 chroma samples.             -   i. In one example, the reconstructed neighbor pixels may                 be not used for DC prediction.             -   ii. In one example, the neighbor reference pixels may be                 set equal to 1«(bitDepth−1) for DC prediction.             -   iii. In one example, position-dependent prediction                 combination (PDPC) may be not applied for the DC                 prediction.             -   iv. In one example, the DC mode information may be not                 coded for the M×N chroma intra block but derived.         -   b. In one example, CCLM prediction may be used for M×N             chroma intra prediction, for example, M=2 chroma samples,             N=8 and/or 16 and/or 32 chroma samples.             -   i. In one example, the reconstructed neighbor pixels may                 be not used for CCLM prediction.             -   ii. In one example, for CCLM prediction                 pred_(C)=a*rec_(L)+b that the chroma prediction value                 pred_(C) is derived from luma reconstructed value                 rec_(L), the parameters a and b may be initialed to                 default fixed values (such as a=0, b=512) at the                 beginning of a video unit such as SPS/video parameter                 set (VPS)/PPS/Picture/subpicture/Slice/Tile/Brick/CTU                 row/CTU/virtual pipeline data unit                 (VPDU)/CU/PU/transform unit (TU).                 -   1. In one example, a first-in-first-out table may be                     maintained on the fly to update the CCLM parameters                     a and b.             -   iii. In one example, PDPC may be not applied for the                 CCLM prediction.             -   iv. In one example, the CCLM mode information may be not                 coded for M×N chroma intra block but derived.             -   v. Alternatively, the proposed methods may be applied to                 other kinds of CCLM coded chroma blocks with width                 unequal to M or height unequal to N.                 -   1. In one example, the CCLM parameters of previously                     coded blocks may be utilized for current block                     instead of being derived based on reconstruction                     information of current block's neighboring blocks.                 -   2. In one example, the CCLM parameters may be stored                     in a table and updated on-the-fly, such as using                     first in, first out (FIFO).         -   c. In one example, M×N chroma intra blocks may be not             allowed in dual tree, for example, M=2 chroma samples, N=8             and/or 16 and/or 32 chroma samples.             -   i. In one example, when treeType is equal to                 DUAL_TREE_CHROMA, X split may be disabled for a coding                 tree node with dimension equal to (M*a)×(N*b), where M*a                 as the width of the coding tree node in chroma samples,                 and N*b as the height of the coding tree node in chroma                 samples.                 -   1. In one example, X is vertical BT split, a=2, b=1                 -   2. In one example, X is horizontal BT split, a=1,                     b=2                 -   3. In one example, X is vertical TT split, a=4, b=1                 -   4. In one example, X is horizontal TT split, a=1,                     b=4         -   d. In one example, M×N chroma intra blocks may be not             allowed in single tree, for example, M=2 chroma samples, N=8             and/or 16 and/or 32 chroma samples.             -   i. In one example, in single tree, X split may be                 disabled for the chroma components of a coding tree node                 with dimension equal to                 (M*a*subWidthC)×(N*b*subHeightC), where M*a as the width                 of the coding tree node in luma samples, N*b as the                 height of the coding tree node in luma samples, and                 subWidthC and subHeightC as the chroma subsampling ratio                 in width and height dimensions, e.g., subWidthC and                 subHeightC are equal to 2 for 4:2:0 chroma format.                 -   1. In one example, X=vertical BT split, a=2, b=1                 -   2. In one example, X=vertical TT split, a=4, b=1                 -   3. In one example, X=horizontal BT split, a=1, b=2                 -   4. In one example, X=horizontal TT split, a=1, b=2                 -   5. In one example, X=horizontal TT split, a=1, b=4                 -   6. In one example, the non-split chroma block may be                     with dimension equal to (M*a)×(N*d).                 -   7. In one example, the non-split chroma block may be                     determined as MODE_TYPE_INTRA and only intra                     prediction (and/or IBC and/or PLT modes) may be                     allowed for this chroma block.                 -   8. In one example, the X split may be allowed for                     the luma components of this coding tree node, e.g.,                     the luma coding tree node may be further split to                     multiple luma child nodes, and each luma child nodes                     may be determined to MODE_TYPE_INTER while only                     inter prediction (and/or IBC mode) may be allowed.                 -   9. Alternatively, the chroma component may be                     further split along with the collocated luma                     component, but the mode type may be equal to                     MODE_TYPE_INTER and only inter prediction (and/or                     IBC mode) may be allowed.             -   ii. In one example, M×N chroma intra blocks may be not                 allowed in CIIP.                 -   1. In one example, CIIP may be not allowed for a                     coding block with dimension equal to                     (M*subWidthC)×(N*subHeightC) in luma samples.                 -    a) When CIIP is not allowed, the associated syntax                     element such as CIIP flag may be not coded in the                     bitstream.                 -   2. In one example, the chroma blending process in                     CIIP may be only filled with the predictions from                     inter part.                 -    a) In one example, only luma intra prediction may                     be applied to a CIIP-coded block, while the chroma                     intra prediction may be not applied to a CIIP-coded                     block with dimension equal to                     (M*subWidthC)×(N*subHeightC) in luma samples.                 -   3. In one example, DC prediction may be used for M×N                     chroma intra prediction for a CIIP block, as                     described in bullet 34(a).                 -   4. In one example, CCLM prediction may be used for                     M×N chroma intra prediction for a CIIP block, as                     described in bullet 34(b).                     Relationship Between LosslessSizeY and                     maxCTB/maxTBsize/maxTS size     -   35. The maximum transform size may be signalled and/or inferred         in different ways for lossless (and/or near lossless coding) and         lossy coding.         -   a. In one example, the maximum transform size for lossless             and/or near lossless coding may be referred to as other             terms such as “maximum residue size” or “maximum             representing size” since no transform is involved. In this             disclosure, it may be referred as “maxLosslessTbSizeY”.         -   b. In one example, lossless coding for a block may be             referred to a cu_transquant_bypass_flag for that block is             equal to 1.         -   c. In one example, near lossless coding for a block may be             referred to coding with a QP smaller than a given threshold.             -   i. In one example, the threshold may be indicated in                 DPS/VPS/SPS/PPS/Tile/Slice/Brick header.         -   d. In one example, near lossless coding for a block may be             referred to coding with a QP smaller than a given threshold             and transform_skip_flag is equal to 1 for that block.             -   i. In one example, the threshold may be indicated in                 DPS/VPS/SPS/PPS/Tile/Slice/Brick header.         -   e. A first maximum transform size for lossless and/or near             lossless coding (e.g., maxLosslessTbSizeY) may be set             conditioned on the a second maximum tranform size which may             be used for lossy coding, and/or maximum coding tree unit             size, and/or maximum transform skip size.         -   f. The max transform size for lossless and/or near lossless             coding may be signalled at video unit level such as a syntax             element (SE) at             SPSNPS/PPS/Subpicture/Slice/Tile/Brick/CTU/VPDU.             -   i. In one example, the SE may be signalled depending on                 the maximum CTB size (e.g., log2_ctu_size_minus5,                 CtbSizeY, and etc.)                 -   1. For example, the flag may be signalled when                     log2_ctu_size_minus5 is larger than N (such as N=0).             -   ii. In one example, the SE may be signalled depending on                 the maximum transform size (e.g.,                 sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag, MaxTbSize, and                 etc.)                 -   1. For example, the SE may be signalled when                     sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag is equal to M                     (such as M=1).             -   iii. In one example, the SE may be signalled depending                 on the maximum transform skip size (e.g.,                 log2_transform_skip_max_size_minus2, MaxTsSize, and                 etc.).                 -   1. For example, the SE may be signalled when                     log2_transform_skip_max_size_minus2 is larger than K                     (such as K=3).             -   iv. In one example, a delta value between                 log(maxLosslessTbSizeY) and X may be signalled.                 -   1. For example, X may be equal to                     log2_ctu_size_minus5.                 -   2. For example, X may be equal to                     sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag.                 -   3. For example, X may be equal to                     log2_transform_skip_max_size_minus2.                 -   4. For example, X may be equal to a fixed integer.                 -   5. In one example, delta −K may be signalled, where                     K is an integer such as 1.             -   v. In one example, a delta value between                 maxLosslessTbSizeY and X may be signalled.                 -   1. For example, X may be equal to CtbSizeY.                 -   2. For example, X may be equal to MaxTbSize.                 -   3. For example, X may be equal to MaxTsSize.                 -   4. For example, X may be equal to a fixed integer.                 -   5. In one example, delta −K may be signalled, where                     K is an integer such as 1.             -   vi. In one example, maxLosslessTbSizeY of a video unit                 (such as a                 sequence/picture/subpicture/slice/tile/CTU/VPDU/CU/PU/TU)                 may be derived from the SE.             -   vii. The SE may be a flag.             -   viii. When the flag is not present, it may be inferred                 to be equal to a postive integer N.         -   g. In one example, if lossless and/or near lossless coding             is applied to a video unit (such as             cu_transquant_bypass_flag is equal to 1), the maximum             transform size for the video unit may be set equal to             maxLosslessTbSizeY, other than maxTbSizeY.         -   h. Alternatively, the maximum transform size for lossless             and/or near lossless coding for a video unit (such as a             sequence/picture/subpicture/slice/tile/CTU/VPDU/CU/PU/TU)             may be derived instead of being signalled.             -   i. For example, it may set equal to a fixed integer                 value M (such as M=32 in luma samples).             -   ii. For example, it may be set equal to a second maximum                 tranform size which may be used for lossy coding             -   iii. For example, it may be set equal to the maximum                 coding tree unit size,             -   iv. For example, it may be set equal to the VPDU size,             -   v. For example, it may be set equal to the maximum                 transform skip block size.             -   vi. For example, it may be set equal to the maximum                 residue coding block size.     -   36. For a M×N residue block by lossless coding (and/or near         lossless coding), it may be divided into more than one smaller         residue sub-blocks depending on maxLosslessTbSizeY.         -   a. After the division, the width and height of all the             sub-blocks are no greater than maxLosslessTbSizeY.         -   b. In one example, it may be divided into sub-blocks in a             recursive way until the width and height of all the             sub-blocks are no greater than maxLosslessTbSizeY.

5. EMBODIMENTS

Newly added parts are highlighted in bold and italic, and the deleted parts from VVC working draft are marked with double brackets (e.g., [[a]] denotes the deletion of the character “a”). The modifications are based on the latest VVC working draft (JVET-O2001-v11)

5.1 An Example Embodiment #1

The embodiment below is about the constraints on small block partitions and prediction modes are applied to 4:2:0 and 4:4:4 chroma formats only (not apply to 4:0:0 and 4:4:4 chroma formats).

7.4.9.4 Coding Tree Semantics

The variable modeTypeCondition is derived as follows:

-   -   If one of the following conditions is true, modeTypeCondition is         set equal to 0         -   slice_type==I and qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is equal to 1         -   modeTypeCurr is not equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL         -   chroma_format_idc is equal to 0.         -   chroma_format_idc is equal to 3.     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and split_qt_flag is equal             to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 32 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1+(slice_type!=I?1:0)         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 128 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER     -   Otherwise, modeTypeCondition is set equal to 0

5.2 An Example Embodiment #2

The embodiment below is about the signaling of Palette mode flag not depend on the modeType.

7.3.8.5Coding Unit Syntax

coding_unit( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeType, modeType ) { Descriptor  chType = treeType = = DUAL_TREE _CHROMA? 1 : 0  if( slice_type != I ∥ sps_ibc_enabled_flag ∥ sps_palette_enabled_flag) {   if(   treeType   !=   DUAL_TREE _CHROMA     &&    !( ( ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) ∥ modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA )     && !sps_ibc_enabled_flag ) )    cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)   if( cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0  &&  slice_type  !=  I    && !( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) && modeType = = MODE_TYPE_ALL )    pred_mode_flag ae(v)   if( ( ( slice_type = = I  &&  cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = =0 )  ∥      ( slice_type != I && ( CuPredMode[ chType ][ x0 ][ y0 ] != MODE_INTRA ∥        ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 ) ) ) ) &&    cbWidth <= 64 && cbHeight <= 64 && modeType != MODE_TYPE_INTER &&    sps_ibc_enabled_flag && treeType != DUAL_TREE _CHROMA )    pred_mode_ibc_flag ae(v)   if( ( ( ( slice_type = = I ∥ ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) ∥ sps_ibc_enabled_flag )                                  &&        CuPredMode[ x0 ][ y0 ]   = =   MODE_INTRA )   ∥      ( slice_type != I && !( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) && !sps_ibc_enabled_flag       && CuPredMode[ x0 ][ y0 ] != MODE_INTRA ) ) && sps_palette_enabled_flag &&     cbWidth <= 64 && cbHeight <= 64 && && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 [[ &&     modeType != MODE_INTER ]])    pred_mode_plt_flag ae(v)

5.3 An Example Embodiment #3

The embodiment below is about the IBC prediction mode flag is inferred depending on the CU SKIP flag and the modeType.

pred_mode_ibc_flag equal to 1 specifies that the current coding unit is coded in IBC prediction mode. pred_mode_ibc_flag equal to 0 specifies that the current coding unit is not coded in IBC prediction mode.

When pred_mode_ibc_flag is not present, it is inferred as follows:

-   -   If cu_skip_flag[x0][y0] is equal to 1, and cbWidth is equal to         4, and cbHeight is equal to 4, pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to         be equal 1.     -   Otherwise, if both cbWidth and cbHeight are equal to 128,         pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   Otherwise, if cu_skip_flag [x0] [y0] is equal to 1, and modeType         is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTRA, pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to         be equal to 1.     -   Otherwise, if modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER,         pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   Otherwise, if treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA,         pred_mode_ibc_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   Otherwise, pred_mode_ibc_flag is infered to be equal to the         value of sps_ibc_enabled_flag when decoding an I slice, and 0         when decoding a P or B slice, respectively.

When pred_mode_ibc_flag is equal to 1, the variable CuPredMode[chType][x][y] is set to be equal to MODE_IBC for x=x0 . . . x0+cbWidth−1 and y=y0 . . . y0+cbHeight−1.

5.4 An Example Embodiment #4

The embodiment below is about the signaling of IBC prediction mode flag depend on MODE_TYPE_INTRA, and/or IBC mode is allowed for luma blocks regardless of whether it is small block size.

7.3.8.5 Coding Unit Syntax

coding_unit( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeType, modeType ) { Descriptor  chType = treeType = = DUAL_TREE _CHROMA? 1 : 0  if( slice_type != I ∥ sps_ibc_enabled_flag ∥ sps_palette_enabled_flag) {   if(   treeType   !=   DUAL_TREE _CHROMA     &&    !( ( ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) ∥ modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA     && !sps_ibc_enabled_flag ) )    cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)   if( cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0  &&  slice_type  !=  I    && !( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) && modeType = = MODE_TYPE_ALL )    pred_mode_flag ae(v)   if( ( ( slice_type = = I  &&  cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = =0 )  ∥      ( slice_type != I && ( CuPredMode[ chType ][ x0 ][ y0 ] != MODE_INTRA ∥       ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] == 0 ) ∥      ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 ) ) ) ) &&     cbWidth <= 64 && cbHeight <= 64 && modeType != MODE_TYPE_INTER &&     sps_ibc_enabled_flag && treeType != DUAL_TREE _CHROMA )    pred_mode_ibc_flag ae(v)

5.5 An Example Embodiment #5

The embodiment below is about applying different intra blocks constraints for 4:2:0 and 4:2:2 color formats.

7.4.9.4 Coding Tree Semantics

The variable modeTypeCondition is derived as follows:

-   -   If one of the following conditions is true, modeTypeCondition is         set equal to 0         -   slice_type==I and qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is equal to 1         -   modeTypeCurr is not equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and split_qt_flag is equal             to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 32 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1+(slice_type!=I?1:0)         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER and chroma_format_idc is equal to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 128 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER and chroma_format_idc is equal to 1         -   cbWidth is equal to 8 and cbHeight is equal to 8 and             MttSplitModel [x0] [y0] [mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_VER             and chroma_format_idc is equal to 2         -   cbWidth is equal to 4 and cbHeight is equal to 16 and             MttSplitModel [x0] [y0] [mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR             and chroma_format_idc is equal to 2         -   cbWidth is equal to 16 and cbHeight is equal to 8 and             MttSplitModel [x0] [y0] [mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_VER             and chroma_format_idc is equal to 2         -   cbWidth is equal to 4 and cbHeight is equal to 32 and             MttSplitModel [x0] [y0] [mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR             and chroma_format_idc is equal to 2     -   Otherwise, modeTypeCondition is set equal to 0

5.6 An Example Embodiment #6

The embodiment below is about disallowing 2×N chroma intra blocks in single tree.

7.4.9.4 Coding Tree Semantics

The variable modeTypeCondition is derived as follows:

-   -   If one of the following conditions is true, modeTypeCondition is         set equal to 0         -   slice_type==I and qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is equal to 1         -   modeTypeCurr is not equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and split_qt_flag is equal             to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 32 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1+(slice_type!=I?1:0)         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 128 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth is equal to 8 and MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is             equal to SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth is equal to 16 and MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is             equal to SPLIT_TT_VER     -   Otherwise, modeTypeCondition is set equal to 0

5.7 An Example Embodiment #7

The embodiment below is about disallowing 2×N chroma intra blocks in dual tree.

6.4.2 Allowed Binary Split Process

The variable allowBtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to MinBtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than maxBtSize         -   cbHeight is greater than maxBtSize         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 16         -   btSplit is equal to SPLIT_BT_VER and treeType is equal to             DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and (cbWidth/SubWidthC) is less than or             equal to 4         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA

6.4.3 Allowed Ternary Split Process

The variable allowTtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowTtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to 2*MinTtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   cbHeight is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   x0+cbWidth is greater than pic_width_in_luma_samples         -   y0+cbHeight is greater than pic_height_in_luma_samples         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 32         -   btSplit is equal to SPLIT_TT_VER and treeType is equal to             DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and (cbWidth/SubWidthC) is less than or             equal to 8         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA     -   Otherwise, allowTtSplit is set equal to TRUE.

5.8 An Example Embodiment #8

The embodiment below is about enabling MODE_IBC for SCIPU chroma blocks.

7.3.8.5 Coding Unit Syntax

coding_unit( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeType, modeType ) { Descriptor  chType = treeType = = DUAL_TREE _CHROMA? 1 : 0  if( slice_type != I ∥ sps_ibc_enabled_flag ∥ sps_palette_enabled_flag) {   if(  treeType  !=  DUAL_TREE _CHROMA    &&    !( ( ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) ∥ modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA )     && !sps_ibc_enabled_flag ) )    cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)   if( cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0  &&  slice_type  !=  I    && !( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 ) && modeType = = MODE_TYPE_ALL )    pred_mode_flag ae(v)   if( ( ( slice_type = = I  &&  cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = =0 )  ∥     ( slice_type != I && ( CuPredMode[ chType ][ x0 ][ y0 ] != MODE_INTRA ∥       ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] == 0 ) ∥      ( cbWidth = = 4 && cbHeight = = 4 && cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 ) ) ) ) &&    cbWidth <= 64 && cbHeight <= 64 && modeType != MODE_TYPE_INTER &&    sps_ibc_enabled_flag && !(modeTYPE == MODE_TYPE_ALL && treeType == DUAL_TREE_CHROMA) [ [ treeType != DUAL_TREE _CHROMA]])    pred_mode_ibc_flag ae(v)

5.9 An Example Embodiment #9 on Disallowing Block Partition When modeType is MODE_TYPE_INTER (Solution 1)

6.4.2 Allowed Binary Split Process

The variable allowBtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to MinBtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than maxBtSize         -   cbHeight is greater than maxBtSize         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 16         -   modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and and             cbWidth*cbHeight is less than or equal to 32         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA

6.4.3 Allowed Ternary Split Process

The variable allowTtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowTtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to 2*MinTtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   cbHeight is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   x0+cbWidth is greater than pic_width_in_luma_samples         -   y0+cbHeight is greater than pic_height_in_luma_samples         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 32         -   modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER and and             cbWidth*cbHeight is less than or equal to 64         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA     -   Otherwise, allowTtSplit is set equal to TRUE.

5.10 An Example Embodiment #10 on Disallowing Block Partition when modeType is MODE_TYPE_INTER (Solution 2)

6.4.2 Allowed Binary Split Process

The variable allowBtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to MinBtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than maxBtSize         -   cbHeight is greater than maxBtSize         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 16         -   modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA

6.4.3 Allowed Ternary Split Process

The variable allowTtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowTtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to 2*MinTtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   cbHeight is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   x0+cbWidth is greater than pic_width_in_luma_samples         -   y0+cbHeight is greater than pic_height_in_luma_samples         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 32         -   modeType is equal to MODE_TYPE_INTER         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA     -   Otherwise, allowTtSplit is set equal to TRUE.

5.11 An Example Embodiment #11

The embodiment below is about the constraints further splitting of a coding tree when MODE_TYPE_INTER is derived.

7.3.8.4 Coding Tree Syntax

coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOn Y, qgOnC, cbSubdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, depthOffset,    partIdx, treeTypeCurr, modeTypeCurr ) { Descriptor ...  treeType = ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA) ? DUAL_TREE_LUMA : treeTypeCurr  if ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTER )   mttDepth = max( mttDepth, maxMttDepth − 1 )  if( !split_qt_flag) { ...

5.12 An Example Embodiment #12

The embodiment below is about the constraints on small block partitions and prediction modes are not applied when palette mode is enabled.

7.4.9.4 Coding Tree Semantics

The variable modeTypeCondition is derived as follows:

-   -   If one of the following conditions is true, modeTypeCondition is         set equal to 0         -   slice_type==I and qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is equal to 1         -   modeTypeCurr is not equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL         -   sps_palette_enabled_flag is equal to 1     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and split_qt_flag is equal             to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 32 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1+(slice_type!=I?1:0)         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 128 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER     -   Otherwise, modeTypeCondition is set equal to 0

5.13 An Example Embodiment #13

The embodiment below is about the small chroma intra block constraints for 4:2:2 color formats.

7.4.9.4 Coding Tree Semantics

The variable modeTypeCondition is derived as follows:

-   -   If one of the following conditions is true, modeTypeCondition is         set equal to 0         -   slice_type==I and qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is equal to 1         -   modeTypeCurr is not equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and split_qt_flag is equal             to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 32 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER     -   Otherwise, if chroma_format_idc is equal to 1 and one of the         following conditions is true, modeTypeCondition is set equal to         1+(slice_type!=I?1:0)         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 128 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER     -   Otherwise, modeTypeCondition is set equal to 0

5.14 Example #1 of Delta QP Signaling in SCIPU

coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cbSubdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, depthOffset,      partIdx, treeTypeCurr, modeTypeCurr ) { Descriptor  if( ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitBtHor ∥ allowSplitTtVer ∥ allowSplitTtHor ∥ allowSplitQT )    &&(  x0  +  cbWidth   <=   pic_width_in_luma_samples  )    && (y0 + cbHeight <= pic_height_in_luma_samples))   split_cu_flag ae(v)  if( cu_qp_delta_enabled_flag && qgOnY && cbSubdiv <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv ) {   IsCuQpDeltaCoded = 0   CuQpDeltaVal = 0   CuQgTopLeftX = x0   CuQgTopLeftY = y0  }  if(   cu_chroma_qp_offset_enabled_flag  &&  qgOnC    &&   cbSubdiv <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )   IsCuChromaQpOffsetCoded = 0  if( split_cu_flag ) {   if( ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitBtHor ∥ allowSplitTtVer ∥ allowSplitTtHor ) &&     allowSplitQT )    split_qt_flag ae(v)   if( !split_qt_flag ) {    if(  (  allowSplitBtHor    ∥    allowSplitTtHor  )  &&      ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitTtVer ) )     mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ae(v)    if( ( allowSplitBtVer && allowSplitTtVer && mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ) ∥      ( allowSplitBtHor && allowSplitTtHor && !mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ))     mtt_split_cu_binary_flag ae(v)   }   if( modeTypeCondition = = 1 )    modeType = MODE_TYPE_INTRA   else if(modeTypeCondition = = 2 ) {    mode_constraint_flag ae(v)    modeType = mode_constraint_flag ? MODE_TYPE_INTRA : MODE_TYPE_INTER   } else {    modeType = modeTypeCurr   }   treeType = ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA) ? DUAL_TREE_LUMA : treeTypeCurr   if( !split_qt_flag ) {    if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_VER ) {     depthOffset += ( x0 + cbWidth > pic_width_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0     x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 1,         cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )      coding_tree( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeightY, qgOnY, qgOnC,  cbSubdiv + 1,         cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )    } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_HOR ) {     depthOffset += ( y0 + cbHeight > pic_height_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0     y1 = y0 + (cbHeight / 2)     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )      coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 1,         cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )    } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_TT_VER ) {     x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 4 )     x2 = x0 + ( 3 * cbWidth / 4 )     qgOnYnext = qgOnY && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )     qgOnCnext = qgOnC && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x1 y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x2, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType )    } else { /* SPLIT_TT_HOR*/     y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 4 )     y2 = y0 + ( 3 * cbHeight / 4 )     qgOnYnext = qgOnY && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )     qgOnCnext = qgOnC && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )     coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree( x0, y2, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType )    }   } else {    x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )    y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 2)    coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 0, treeType, modeType)    if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,  cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 1, treeType, modeType )    if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x0, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,  cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 2, treeType, modeType )    if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples && x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x1, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,  cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 3, treeType, modeType )   }   if( modeTypeCur = = MODE_TYPE_ALL && modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA ) {    coding_tree( x0, y0 , cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cbSubdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, 0, 0        DUAL_TREE_CHROMA , modeType )   }  } else   coding_unit( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeTypeCurr, modeTypeCurr ) }

5.15 Example #2 of Delta QP Signaling in SCIPU

coding_tree( x0, y0 , cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cbSubdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, depthOffset,      partIdx, treeTypeCurr, modeTypeCurr ) { Descriptor  if( ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitBtHor ∥ allowSplitTtVer ∥ allowSplitTtHor ∥ allowSplitQT )    &&(  x0  +  cbWidth   <=   pic_width_in_luma_samples  )    && (y0 + cbHeight <= pic_height_in_luma_samples ))   split_cu_flag ae(v)  if( cu_qp_delta_enabled_flag && qgOnY && cbSubdiv <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv ) {   IsCuQpDeltaCoded = 0   CuQpDeltaVal = 0   CuQgTopLeftX = x0   CuQgTopLeftY = y0  }  if(  cu_chroma_qp_offset_enabled_flag  &&  qgOnC    &&   cbSubdiv <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )   IsCuChromaQpOffsetCoded = 0  if( split_cu_flag ) {   if( ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitBtHor ∥ allowSplitTtVer ∥ allowSplitTtHor ) &&     allowSplitQT )    split_qt_flag ae(v)   if( !split_qt_flag ) {    if(  (  allowSplitBtHor   ∥   allowSplitTtHor  )  &&      ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitTtVer ) )     mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ae(v)    if( ( allowSplitBtVer && allowSplitTtVer && mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ) ∥      ( allowSplitBtHor && allowSplitTtHor && !mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ))     mtt_split_cu_binary_flag ae(v)   }   if( modeTypeCondition = = 1 )    modeType = MODE_TYPE_INTRA   else if( modeTypeCondition = = 2 ) {    mode_constraint_flag ae(v)    modeType = mode_constraint_flag ? MODE_TYPE_INTRA : MODE_TYPE_INTER   } else {    modeType = modeTypeCurr   }   treeType = ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA) ? DUAL_TREE_LUMA : treeTypeCurr   if( !split_qt_flag ) {    if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_VER ) {     depthOffset += ( x0 + cbWidth > pic_width_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0     x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )      coding_tree( x1 , y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeightY, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )    } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_HOR ) {     depthOffset += ( y0 + cbHeight > pic_height_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0     y1 = y0 + (cbHeight / 2)     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 1,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )      coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )    } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_TT_VER ) {     x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 4 )     x2 = x0 + ( 3 * cbWidth / 4 )     qgOnYnext = qgOnY && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )     qgOnCnext = qgOnC && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 1,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x2, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight,qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType )    } else {/* SPLIT_TT_HOR*/     y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 4 )     y2 = y0 + ( 3 * cbHeight / 4 )     qgOnYnext = qgOnY && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )     qgOnCnext = qgOnC && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )     coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 1,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree( x0, y2, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType )    }   } else {    x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )    y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 2 )    coding_tree( x0, y0 , cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 0, treeType, mode Type )    if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 1, treeType, modeType )    if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x0, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 2, treeType, modeType )    if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples && x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples)     coding_tree ( x1, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 3, treeType, modeType )   }   if( modeTypeCur = = MODE_TYPE_ALL && modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA ) {    coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, 0, cbSubdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, 0, 0       DUAL_TREE_CHROMA , modeType)   }  } else   coding_unit( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeTypeCurr, modeTypeCurr ) }

5.16 Example #3 of Delta QP Signaling in SCIPU

coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cbSubdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, depthOffset,      partIdx, treeTypeCurr, modeTypeCurr ) { Descriptor  if( ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitBtHor ∥ allowSplitTtVer ∥ allowSplitTtHor ∥ allowSplitQT )    &&(  x0  +  cbWidth   <=   pic_width_in_luma_samples  )    && (y0 + cbHeight <= pic_height_in_luma_samples ))   split_cu_flag a e(v)  if( cu_qp_delta_enabled_flag && qgOnY && cbSubdiv <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv && treeTypeCurr != DUAL_TREE_CHROMA ) {   IsCuQpDeltaCoded = 0   CuQpDeltaVal = 0   CuQgTopLeftX = x0   CuQgTopLeftY = y0  }  if(   cu_chroma_qp_offset_enabled_flag   &&   qgOnC    &&   cbSubdiv <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv && && treeTypeCurr ! = DUAL_TREE_LUMA )   IsCuChromaQpOffsetCoded = 0  if( split_cu_flag ) {   if( ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitBtHor ∥ allowSplitTtVer ∥ allowSplitTtHor ) &&     allowSplitQT )    split_qt_flag ae(v)   if( !split_qt_flag ) {    if(  (  allowSplitBtHor   ∥   allowSplitTtHor  )  &&      ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitTtVer ) )     mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ae(v)    if( ( allowSplitBtVer && allowSplitTtVer && mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ) ∥      ( allowSplitBtHor && allowSplitTtHor && !mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ))     mtt_split_cu_binary_flag ae(v)   }   if( modeTypeCondition = = 1 )    modeType = MODE_TYPE_INTRA   else if( modeTypeCondition = = 2 ) {    mode_constraint_flag ae(v)    modeType = mode_constraint_flag ? MODE_TYPE_INTRA : MODE_TYPE_INTER   } else {    modeType = modeTypeCurr   }   treeType = ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA) ? DUAL_TREE_LUMA : treeTypeCurr   if( !split_qt_flag ) {    if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_VER ) {     depthOffset += ( x0 + cbWidth > pic_width_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0     x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )      coding_tree( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeightY, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )    } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_HOR ) {     depthOffset += ( y0 + cbHeight > pic_height_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0     y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 2)     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )      coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )    } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_TT_VER ) {     x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 4 )     x2 = x0 + ( 3 * cbWidth / 4 )     qgOnYnext = qgOnY && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )     qgOnCnext = qgOnC && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 1,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x2, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType )    } else { /* SPLIT_TT_HOR */     y1 = y0 + ( cb 4)     y2 = y0 + ( 3 * cbHeight / 4)     qgOnYnext = qgOnY && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )     qgOnCnext = qgOnC && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )     coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 1,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree( x0, y2, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnYnext, qgOnCnext, cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType )    }   } else {    x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )    y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 2 )    coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,      cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 0, treeType, modeType )    if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,      cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 1, treeType, modeType )    if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x0, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,      cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 2, treeType, modeType )    if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples && x1 <pic_width_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x1, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,      cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 3, treeType, modeType )   }   if( modeTypeCur = = MODE_TYPE_ALL && modeType = =MODE_TYPE_INTRA ) {    coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, 0, cb Subdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, 0, 0       DUAL_TREE_CHROMA , modeType )   } } else   coding_unit( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeTypeCurr , modeTypeCurr ) }

5.17 Example #4 of Delta QP Signaling in SCIPU

coding_tree( x0, y0 , cbWidth, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cbSubdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, depthOffset,      partIdx, treeTypeCurr, mode TypeCurr ) { Descriptor  if( ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitBtHor ∥ allowSplitTtVer ∥ allowSplitTtHor ∥ allowSplitQT )    &&(  x0  +  cbWidth   <=   pic_width_in_luma_samples  )    && (y0 + cbHeight <= pic_height_in_luma_samples ))   split_cu_flag ae(v)  if( cu_qp_delta_enabled_flag && qgOnY && cbSubdiv <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv ) {   IsCuQpDeltaCoded = 0   CuQpDeltaVal = 0   CuQgTopLeftX = x0   CuQgTopLeftY = y0  }  if(  cu_chroma_qp_offset_enabled_flag  &&  qgOnC   &&   cbSubdiv <= cu_chroma_qp_offset_subdiv )   IsCuChromaQpOffsetCoded = 0  if( split_cu_flag ) {   if( ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitBtHor ∥ allowSplitTtVer ∥ allowSplitTtHor) &&     allowSplitQT )    split_qt_flag ae(v)   if( !split_qt_flag ) {    if(  (  allowSplitBtHor   ∥   allowSplitTtHor  )  &&      ( allowSplitBtVer ∥ allowSplitTtVer ) /     mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ae(v)    if( ( allowSplitBtVer && allowSplitTtVer && mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ) ∥      ( allowSplitBtHor && allowSplitTtHor && !mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag ))     mtt_split_cu_binary_flag ae(v)   }   if( mode TypeCondition = = 1 )    modeType = MODE_TYPE_INTRA   else if( modeTypeCondition = = 2 ) {    mode_constraint_flag ae(v)    modeType = mode_constraint_flag ? MODE_TYPE_INTRA : MODE_TYPE_INTER   } else {    modeType = modeTypeCurr   }   if(modeTypeCondition > 0 )     qgOnY = qgOnC = 0   treeType = ( modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA ) ? DUAL_TREE_LUMA : treeTypeCurr   if( !split_qt_flag ) {    if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_VER ) {     depthOffset += ( x0 + cbWidth > pic_width_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0     x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC,   cbSubdiv + 1,         cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )      coding_tree( x1 , y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeightY, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,         cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )    } else if( MttSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_BT_HOR) {     depthOffset += ( y0 + cbHeight > pic_height_in_luma_samples ) ? 1 : 0     y1 = y0 + (cbHeight / 2)     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType)     if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )      coding_tree( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,         cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )    } else if( MattSplitMode[ x0 ][ y0 ][ mttDepth ] = = SPLIT_TT_VER ) {     x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 4 )     x2 = x0 + ( 3 * cbWidth / 4 )     qgOnY = qgOnY && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )     qgOnC = qgOnC && ( cbSubdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma qp_offset_subdiv )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x2, y0, cbWidth / 4, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType )   } else { /* SPLIT_TT_HOR */     y1 = y0 + ( cbHeight / 4 )     y2 = y0 + ( 3 * cbHeight / 4 )     qgOnY = qgOnY && ( cb Subdiv + 2 <= cu_qp_delta_subdiv )     qgOnC = qgOnC && ( cb Subdiv + 2 <= cu_chroma qp_offset_subdiv )     coding_tree ( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 0, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x0, y1, cbWidth, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 1,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 1, treeType, modeType )     coding_tree ( x0, y2, cbWidth, cbHeight / 4, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,        cqtDepth, mttDepth + 1, depthOffset, 2, treeType, modeType )    }   } else {    x1 = x0 + ( cbWidth / 2 )    y1 = y0 + (cbHeight / 2)    coding_tree( x0, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 0, treeType, modeType )    if( x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x1, y0, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight /2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 1, treeType, modeType )    if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x0, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 2, treeType, modeType )    if( y1 < pic_height_in_luma_samples && x1 < pic_width_in_luma_samples )     coding_tree ( x1, y1, cbWidth / 2, cbHeight / 2, qgOnY, qgOnC,    cbSubdiv + 2,       cqtDepth + 1, 0, 0, 3, treeType, modeType )   }   if( modeTypeCur = = MODE_TYPE_ALL && modeType = = MODE_TYPE_INTRA ) {    coding_tree( x0, y0, cb Width, cbHeight, qgOnY, qgOnC, cb Subdiv, cqtDepth, mttDepth, 0, 0        DUAL_TREE_CHROMA , modeType )   }  } else   coding_unit( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, cqtDepth, treeTypeCurr, modeTypeCurr ) }

5.18 Example #14 of Disabling 2×8 Chroma Intra Blocks 6.4.2. Allowed Binary Split Process

The variable allowBtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowBtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to MinBtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than maxBtSize         -   cbHeight is greater than maxBtSize         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 16         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and btSplit is equal             to SPLIT_BT_VER and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is equal to 8         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and btSplit is equal             to SPLIT_BT_HOR and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is equal to 16         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA

6.4.3. Allowed Ternary Split Process

The variable allowTtSplit is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true,         allowTtSplit is set equal to FALSE:         -   cbSize is less than or equal to 2*MinTtSizeY         -   cbWidth is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   cbHeight is greater than Min(MaxTbSizeY, maxTtSize)         -   mttDepth is greater than or equal to maxMttDepth         -   x0+cbWidth is greater than pic_width_in_luma_samples         -   y0+cbHeight is greater than pic_height_in_luma_samples         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is less than or             equal to 32         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and btSplit is equal             to SPLIT_TT_VER and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is equal to 8         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and btSplit is equal             to SPLIT_TT_HOR and             (cbWidth/SubWidthC)*(cbHeight/SubHeightC) is equal to 32         -   treeType is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and modeType is equal             to MODE_TYPE_INTRA     -   Otherwise, allowTtSplit is set equal to TRUE.         -   7.4.9.4. Coding Tree Semantics

The variable modeTypeCondition is derived as follows:

-   -   If one of the following conditions is true, modeTypeCondition is         set equal to 0         -   slice_type==I and qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is equal to 1         -   modeTypeCurr is not equal to MODE_TYPE_ALL     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and split_qt_flag is equal             to 1         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 32 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER     -   Otherwise, if one of the following conditions is true,         modeTypeCondition is set equal to 1+(slice_type!=I?1:0)         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 64 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_BT_HOR or             SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is equal to 128 and             MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to SPLIT_TT_HOR or             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth is equal to 8 and (cbHeight/SubHeightC) is equal to             8 and MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to             SPLIT_BT_VER         -   cbWidth is equal to 16 and (cbHeight/SubHeightC) is equal to             8 and MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to             SPLIT_TT_VER         -   cbWidth is equal to 4 and (cbHeight/SubHeightC) is equal to             16 and MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to             SPLIT_BT_HOR or SPLIT_TT_HOR         -   cbWidth is equal to 4 and (cbHeight/SubHeightC) is equal to             32 and MttSplitMode[x0][y0][mttDepth] is equal to             SPLIT_TT_HOR     -   Otherwise, modeTypeCondition is set equal to 0

7.4.9.7. Merge Data Semantics

ciip_flag[x0][y0] specifies whether the combined inter-picture merge and intra-picture prediction is applied for the current coding unit. The array indices x0, y0 specify the location (x0, y0) of the top-left luma sample of the considered coding block relative to the top-left luma sample of the picture.

When ciip_flag[x0][y0] is not present, it is inferred as follows:

-   -   If all the following conditions are true, ciip_flag[x0][y0] is         inferred to be equal to 1:         -   sps_ciip_enabled_flag is equal to 1.         -   general_merge_flag[x0][y0] is equal to 1.         -   merge_subblock_flag[x0][y0] is equal to 0.         -   regular_merge_flag[x0][y0] is equal to 0.         -   cbWidth is less than 128.         -   cbHeight is less than 128.         -   cbWidth is greater than 4 and cbHeight is not equal to 16.         -   cbWidth*cbHeight is greater than or equal to 64.     -   Otherwise, ciip_flag[x0][y0] is inferred to be equal to 0.

7.3.8.7. Merge Data Syntax

merge_data( x0, y0, cbWidth, cbHeight, chType ) { Descriptor  if( CuPredMode[ chType ][ x0 ][ y0 ] = = MODE_IBC ) {   if( MaxNumIbcMergeCand > 1 )    merge_idx[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)  } else {   if( MaxNumSubblockMergeCand > 0 && cbWidth >= 8 && cbHeight >= 8 )    merge_subblock_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)   if( merge_subblock_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 1 ) {    if( MaxNumSubblockMergeCand > 1 )     merge_subblock_idx[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)   } else {    if( ( cbWidth * cbHeight ) >= 64  &&  ( (sps_ciip_enabled_flag &&     cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 && cbWidth < 128 && cbHeight < 128) ∥     ( sps_triangle_enabled_flag  &&  MaxNumTriangleMergeCand > 1  &&     slice_type = = B ) ) )     regular_merge_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)    if ( regular_merge_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 1 ){     if( sps_mmvd_enabled flag)      mmvd_merge_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)     if( mmvd_merge_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 1) {      if( MaxNumMergeCand > 1 )       mmvd_cand_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)      mmvd_distance_idx[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)      mmvd_direction_idx[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)     } else {      if( MaxNumMergeCand > 1 )       merge_idx[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)     }    } else {     if(  sps_ciip_enabled flag   &&   sps_triangle_enabled_flag   &&      MaxNumTriangleMergeCand > 1 && slice_type = = B   &&      cu_skip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] = = 0 && !(cbWidth = = 4 && cbWidth = = 16) &&      ( cbWidth * cbHeight ) >= 64 && cbWidth < 128 && cbHeight < 128 ) {      ciip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)     if( ciip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] && MaxNumMergeCand > 1 )      merge_idx[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)     if( !ciip_flag[ x0 ][ y0 ] && MaxNumTriangleMergeCand > 1 ) {      merge_triangle_split_dir[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)      merge_triangle_idx0[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)      merge_triangle_idx1[ x0 ][ y0 ] ae(v)     }    }   }  } }

FIG. 17A is a block diagram of a video processing apparatus 1700. The apparatus 1700 may be used to implement one or more of the methods described herein. The apparatus 1700 may be embodied in a smartphone, tablet, computer, Internet of Things (IoT) receiver, and so on. The apparatus 1700 may include one or more processors 1702, one or more memories 1704 and video processing hardware 1706. The processor(s) 1702 may be configured to implement one or more methods described in the present disclosure. The memory (memories) 1704 may be used for storing data and code used for implementing the methods and techniques described herein. The video processing hardware 1706 may be used to implement, in hardware circuitry, some techniques described in the present disclosure.

FIG. 17B is another example of a block diagram of a video processing system in which disclosed techniques may be implemented. FIG. 17B is a block diagram showing an example video processing system 1710 in which various techniques disclosed herein may be implemented. Various implementations may include some or all of the components of the system 1710. The system 1710 may include input 1712 for receiving video content. The video content may be received in a raw or uncompressed format, e.g., 8 or 10 bit multi-component pixel values, or may be in a compressed or encoded format. The input 1712 may represent a network interface, a peripheral bus interface, or a storage interface. Examples of network interface include wired interfaces such as Ethernet, passive optical network (PON), etc. and wireless interfaces such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) or cellular interfaces.

The system 1710 may include a coding component 1714 that may implement the various coding or encoding methods described in the present disclosure. The coding component 1714 may reduce the average bitrate of video from the input 1712 to the output of the coding component 1714 to produce a coded representation of the video. The coding techniques are therefore sometimes called video compression or video transcoding techniques. The output of the coding component 1714 may be either stored, or transmitted via a communication connected, as represented by the component 1716. The stored or communicated bitstream (or coded) representation of the video received at the input 1712 may be used by the component 1718 for generating pixel values or displayable video that is sent to a display interface 1720. The process of generating user-viewable video from the bitstream representation is sometimes called video decompression. Furthermore, while certain video processing operations are referred to as “coding” operations or tools, it will be appreciated that the coding tools or operations are used at an encoder and corresponding decoding tools or operations that reverse the results of the coding will be performed by a decoder.

Examples of a peripheral bus interface or a display interface may include universal serial bus (USB) or high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) or Displayport, and so on. Examples of storage interfaces include serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), peripheral component interconnect (PCI), integrated drive electronics (IDE) interface, and the like. The techniques described in the present disclosure may be embodied in various electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, smartphones or other devices that are capable of performing digital data processing and/or video display.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram that illustrates an example video coding system 100 that may utilize the techniques of this disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 22 , video coding system 100 may include a source device 110 and a destination device 120. Source device 110 generates encoded video data which may be referred to as a video encoding device. Destination device 120 may decode the encoded video data generated by source device 110 which may be referred to as a video decoding device.

Source device 110 may include a video source 112, a video encoder 114, and an input/output (I/O) interface 116.

Video source 112 may include a source such as a video capture device, an interface to receive video data from a video content provider, and/or a computer graphics system for generating video data, or a combination of such sources. The video data may comprise one or more pictures. Video encoder 114 encodes the video data from video source 112 to generate a bitstream. The bitstream may include a sequence of bits that form a coded representation of the video data. The bitstream may include coded pictures and associated data. The coded picture is a coded representation of a picture. The associated data may include sequence parameter sets, picture parameter sets, and other syntax structures. I/O interface 116 may include a modulator/demodulator (modem) and/or a transmitter. The encoded video data may be transmitted directly to destination device 120 via I/O interface 116 through network 130 a. The encoded video data may also be stored onto a storage medium/server 130 b for access by destination device 120.

Destination device 120 may include an I/O interface 126, a video decoder 124, and a display device 122.

I/O interface 126 may include a receiver and/or a modem. I/O interface 126 may acquire encoded video data from the source device 110 or the storage medium/server 130 b. Video decoder 124 may decode the encoded video data. Display device 122 may display the decoded video data to a user. Display device 122 may be integrated with the destination device 120, or may be external to destination device 120 which be configured to interface with an external display device.

Video encoder 114 and video decoder 124 may operate according to a video compression standard, such as the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard and other current and/or further standards.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video encoder 200, which may be video encoder 114 in the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 22 .

Video encoder 200 may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. In the example of FIG. 9 , video encoder 200 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of video encoder 200. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.

The functional components of video encoder 200 may include a partition unit 201, a prediction unit 202 which may include a mode select unit 203, a motion estimation unit 204, a motion compensation unit 205 and an intra prediction unit 206, a residual generation unit 207, a transform unit 208, a quantization unit 209, an inverse quantization unit 210, an inverse transform unit 211, a reconstruction unit 212, a buffer 213, and an entropy encoding unit 214.

In other examples, video encoder 200 may include more, fewer, or different functional components. In an example, prediction unit 202 may include an intra block copy (IBC) unit. The IBC unit may perform prediction in an IBC mode in which at least one reference picture is a picture where the current video block is located.

Furthermore, some components, such as motion estimation unit 204 and motion compensation unit 205 may be highly integrated, but are represented in the example of FIG. 5 separately for purposes of explanation.

Partition unit 201 may partition a picture into one or more video blocks. Video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may support various video block sizes.

Mode select unit 203 may select one of the coding modes, intra or inter, e.g., based on error results, and provide the resulting intra- or inter-coded block to a residual generation unit 207 to generate residual block data and to a reconstruction unit 212 to reconstruct the encoded block for use as a reference picture. In some example, Mode select unit 203 may select a combination of intra and inter prediction (CIIP) mode in which the prediction is based on an inter prediction signal and an intra prediction signal. Mode select unit 203 may also select a resolution for a motion vector (e.g., a sub-pixel or integer pixel precision) for the block in the case of inter-prediction.

To perform inter prediction on a current video block, motion estimation unit 204 may generate motion information for the current video block by comparing one or more reference frames from buffer 213 to the current video block. Motion compensation unit 205 may determine a predicted video block for the current video block based on the motion information and decoded samples of pictures from buffer 213 other than the picture associated with the current video block.

Motion estimation unit 204 and motion compensation unit 205 may perform different operations for a current video block, for example, depending on whether the current video block is in an I slice, a P slice, or a B slice.

In some examples, motion estimation unit 204 may perform uni-directional prediction for the current video block, and motion estimation unit 204 may search reference pictures of list 0 or list 1 for a reference video block for the current video block. Motion estimation unit 204 may then generate a reference index that indicates the reference picture in list 0 or list 1 that contains the reference video block and a motion vector that indicates a spatial displacement between the current video block and the reference video block. Motion estimation unit 204 may output the reference index, a prediction direction indicator, and the motion vector as the motion information of the current video block. Motion compensation unit 205 may generate the predicted video block of the current block based on the reference video block indicated by the motion information of the current video block.

In other examples, motion estimation unit 204 may perform bi-directional prediction for the current video block, motion estimation unit 204 may search the reference pictures in list 0 for a reference video block for the current video block and may also search the reference pictures in list 1 for another reference video block for the current video block. Motion estimation unit 204 may then generate reference indexes that indicate the reference pictures in list 0 and list 1 containing the reference video blocks and motion vectors that indicate spatial displacements between the reference video blocks and the current video block. Motion estimation unit 204 may output the reference indexes and the motion vectors of the current video block as the motion information of the current video block. Motion compensation unit 205 may generate the predicted video block of the current video block based on the reference video blocks indicated by the motion information of the current video block.

In some examples, motion estimation unit 204 may output a full set of motion information for decoding processing of a decoder.

In some examples, motion estimation unit 204 may do not output a full set of motion information for the current video. Rather, motion estimation unit 204 may signal the motion information of the current video block with reference to the motion information of another video block. For example, motion estimation unit 204 may determine that the motion information of the current video block is sufficiently similar to the motion information of a neighboring video block.

In one example, motion estimation unit 204 may indicate, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, a value that indicates to the video decoder 300 that the current video block has the same motion information as the another video block.

In another example, motion estimation unit 204 may identify, in a syntax structure associated with the current video block, another video block and a motion vector difference (MVD). The motion vector difference indicates a difference between the motion vector of the current video block and the motion vector of the indicated video block. The video decoder 300 may use the motion vector of the indicated video block and the motion vector difference to determine the motion vector of the current video block.

As discussed above, video encoder 200 may predictively signal the motion vector. Two examples of predictive signaling techniques that may be implemented by video encoder 200 include advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) and merge mode signaling.

Intra prediction unit 206 may perform intra prediction on the current video block. When intra prediction unit 206 performs intra prediction on the current video block, intra prediction unit 206 may generate prediction data for the current video block based on decoded samples of other video blocks in the same picture. The prediction data for the current video block may include a predicted video block and various syntax elements.

Residual generation unit 207 may generate residual data for the current video block by subtracting (e.g., indicated by the minus sign) the predicted video block(s) of the current video block from the current video block. The residual data of the current video block may include residual video blocks that correspond to different sample components of the samples in the current video block.

In other examples, there may be no residual data for the current video block for the current video block, for example in a skip mode, and residual generation unit 207 may not perform the subtracting operation.

Transform processing unit 208 may generate one or more transform coefficient video blocks for the current video block by applying one or more transforms to a residual video block associated with the current video block.

After transform processing unit 208 generates a transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block, quantization unit 209 may quantize the transform coefficient video block associated with the current video block based on one or more quantization parameter (QP) values associated with the current video block.

Inverse quantization unit 210 and inverse transform unit 211 may apply inverse quantization and inverse transforms to the transform coefficient video block, respectively, to reconstruct a residual video block from the transform coefficient video block. Reconstruction unit 212 may add the reconstructed residual video block to corresponding samples from one or more predicted video blocks generated by the prediction unit 202 to produce a reconstructed video block associated with the current block for storage in the buffer 213.

After reconstruction unit 212 reconstructs the video block, loop filtering operation may be performed reduce video blocking artifacts in the video block.

Entropy encoding unit 214 may receive data from other functional components of the video encoder 200. When entropy encoding unit 214 receives the data, entropy encoding unit 214 may perform one or more entropy encoding operations to generate entropy encoded data and output a bitstream that includes the entropy encoded data.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video decoder 300 which may be video decoder 114 in the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 22 .

The video decoder 300 may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques of this disclosure. In the example of FIG. 24 , the video decoder 300 includes a plurality of functional components. The techniques described in this disclosure may be shared among the various components of the video decoder 300. In some examples, a processor may be configured to perform any or all of the techniques described in this disclosure.

In the example of FIG. 24 , video decoder 300 includes an entropy decoding unit 301, a motion compensation unit 302, an intra prediction unit 303, an inverse quantization unit 304, an inverse transformation unit 305, and a reconstruction unit 306 and a buffer 307. Video decoder 300 may, in some examples, perform a decoding pass generally reciprocal to the encoding pass described with respect to video encoder 200 (e.g., FIG. 23 ).

Entropy decoding unit 301 may retrieve an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may include entropy coded video data (e.g., encoded blocks of video data). Entropy decoding unit 301 may decode the entropy coded video data, and from the entropy decoded video data, motion compensation unit 302 may determine motion information including motion vectors, motion vector precision, reference picture list indexes, and other motion information. Motion compensation unit 302 may, for example, determine such information by performing the AMVP and merge mode.

Motion compensation unit 302 may produce motion compensated blocks, possibly performing interpolation based on interpolation filters. Identifiers for interpolation filters to be used with sub-pixel precision may be included in the syntax elements.

Motion compensation unit 302 may use interpolation filters as used by video encoder 20 during encoding of the video block to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of a reference block. Motion compensation unit 302 may determine the interpolation filters used by video encoder 200 according to received syntax information and use the interpolation filters to produce predictive blocks.

Motion compensation unit 302 may uses some of the syntax information to determine sizes of blocks used to encode frame(s) and/or slice(s) of the encoded video sequence, partition information that describes how each macroblock of a picture of the encoded video sequence is partitioned, modes indicating how each partition is encoded, one or more reference frames (and reference frame lists) for each inter-encoded block, and other information to decode the encoded video sequence.

Intra prediction unit 303 may use intra prediction modes for example received in the bitstream to form a prediction block from spatially adjacent blocks. Inverse quantization unit 303 inverse quantizes, i.e., de-quantizes, the quantized video block coefficients provided in the bitstream and decoded by entropy decoding unit 301. Inverse transform unit 303 applies an inverse transform.

Reconstruction unit 306 may sum the residual blocks with the corresponding prediction blocks generated by motion compensation unit 202 or intra-prediction unit 303 to form decoded blocks. If desired, a deblocking filter may also be applied to filter the decoded blocks in order to remove blockiness artifacts. The decoded video blocks are then stored in buffer 307, which provides reference blocks for subsequent motion compensation.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart for a method 1800 of processing a video. The method 1800 includes parsing (1802), for a conversion between a video region of a video and a coded representation of the video region, the coded representation according to a syntax rule that defines a relationship between a chroma block size and a color format of the video region; and performing (1804) the conversion by performing the parsing according to the syntax rule.

Some embodiments of the disclosed technology include making a decision or determination to enable a video processing tool or mode. In an example, when the video processing tool or mode is enabled, the encoder will use or implement the tool or mode in the processing of a block of video, but may not necessarily modify the resulting bitstream based on the usage of the tool or mode. That is, a conversion from the block of video to the bitstream representation of the video will use the video processing tool or mode when it is enabled based on the decision or determination. In another example, when the video processing tool or mode is enabled, the decoder will process the bitstream with the knowledge that the bitstream has been modified based on the video processing tool or mode. That is, a conversion from the bitstream representation of the video to the block of video will be performed using the video processing tool or mode that was enabled based on the decision or determination.

Some embodiments of the disclosed technology include making a decision or determination to disable a video processing tool or mode. In an example, when the video processing tool or mode is disabled, the encoder will not use the tool or mode in the conversion of the block of video to the bitstream representation of the video. In another example, when the video processing tool or mode is disabled, the decoder will process the bitstream with the knowledge that the bitstream has not been modified using the video processing tool or mode that was disabled based on the decision or determination.

In the present disclosure, the term “video processing” may refer to video encoding, video decoding, video compression or video decompression. For example, video compression algorithms may be applied during conversion from pixel representation of a video to a corresponding bitstream representation or vice versa. The bitstream representation of a current video block may, for example, correspond to bits that are either co-located or spread in different places within the bitstream, as is defined by the syntax. For example, a macroblock may be encoded in terms of transformed and coded error residual values and also using bits in headers and other fields in the bitstream.

The following clauses may be implemented as example implementations of the disclosed technology. The first set of clauses may include following clauses about techniques described in item 1 of the previous section.

1. A method of video processing, comprising: parsing, for a conversion between a video region of a video and a coded representation of the video region, the coded representation according to a syntax rule that defines a relationship between a chroma block size and a color format of the video region; and performing the conversion by performing the parsing according to the syntax rule.

2. The method of clause 1, wherein the color format is 4:4:4 and where the syntax rule specifies that the chroma block is subject to a same size constraint as that for a luma blocks.

3. The method of clause 1, wherein the color format is 4:2:2 and where the syntax rule specifies that the chroma block is subject to a same size constraint as that for 4:2:0 color format.

4. The method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein the syntax specifies that a prediction modes and small block partitions are used in a chroma-format dependent manner.

5. The method of clause 1, wherein the syntax rule defines that a smallest allowed size feature is enabled for the conversion of the video region based on the color format of the video region.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in item 2 of the previous section.

6. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, based on a property of a video and a chroma format of the video, a coding mode of a coding tree node of the video; and performing a conversion between a coded representation of the video and a video block of the coding tree node using the determined coding mode.

7. The method of clause 6, wherein the coding mode is determined to be MODE_TYPE_ALL for the chroma format being 4:2:2, MODE_TYPE_INTRA or MODE_TYPE_INTER for the chroma format being 4:2:0 in case the property is:

i. the coding node is an M×N coding tree node with a horizontal binary tree split;

ii. the coding node is an M×N coding tree node with a vertical binary tree split;

iii. the coding node is an M×N coding tree node with a horizontal ternary tree split; or

iv. the coding node is an M×N coding tree node with a vertical ternary tree split.

8. The method of clause 7, wherein M=8, or 16 or 32 and N=4 or 8 or 16.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in item 12 of the previous section.

9. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, based on a rule, whether a certain size of chroma blocks is allowed in a video region of a video; and performing a conversion between the video region and a coded representation of the video region based on the determining.

10. The method of clause 9, wherein the rule specifies that 2×N chroma blocks are disallowed due to the video region including a dual tree partition.

11. The method of clause 9, wherein the rule specifies that 2N chroma blocks are disallowed due to the video region including a single tree partition.

12. The method of clauses 10 or 11, wherein N<=64.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in items 13, 14 and 15 of the previous section.

13. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, based on a rule that allows use of a coding mode for a video condition, that a coding mode is permitted for a video region; and performing a conversion between a coded representation of pixels in the video region and pixels of the video region based on the determining.

14. The method of clause 13, wherein the video condition is block size, and wherein the rule allows use of intra block copy mode for small block sizes of luma blocks.

15. The method of clause 14, wherein the small block sizes include 8×4, 8×8, 16×4 or 4×N luma block sizes.

16. The method of clause 13, wherein the rule allows use of intra block copy mode for conversion of the video region using a MODE_TYPE_INTER mode of coding.

17. The method of clause 13, wherein the rule allows use of palette coding mode for conversion of the video region using a MODE_TYPE_INTER mode of coding.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in items 16, 17, 18 of the previous section.

18. A method of video processing, comprising: performing a conversion between a video block of a video and a coded representation of the video block using a video coding mode, wherein a syntax element signaling the coding mode is selectively included in the coded representation based on a rule.

19. The method of clause 18, wherein the video coding mode is an intra block coding mode and wherein the rule specifies to use a type of the video coding mode to control inclusion of the syntax element in the coded representation.

20. The method of clause 19, wherein the rule specifies explicitly signaling a non-SKIP block.

21. The method of clause 18, wherein the rule specifies to implicitly signal intra block copy flag based on a skip flag and a mode type of the video block.

22. The method of clause 18, wherein the coding mode is a palette coding mode and wherein the rule specifies to selectively include a palette coding indicator based on mode type of the video block.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in item 21 of the previous section.

23. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, due to a chroma block having a size less than a threshold size, that a transform type used during a conversion between the chroma block and a coded representation of the chroma block is different from a transform type used for a corresponding luma block conversion; and performing the conversion based on the determining.

24. The method of clause 23, wherein the threshold size is M×N, wherein M is 2.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in item 22 of the previous section.

25. The method of any of clauses 1 to 24 wherein, the conversion uses a combined inter and intra prediction mode as a MODE_TYPE_INTRA mode.

26. The method of any of clauses 18 to 22, wherein the conversion uses a combined inter and intra prediction mode as a MODE_TYPE_INTER mode. For example, when considering CIIP as MODE_TYPE_INTER, methods described in item 14-17 in the previous section may be applied. Or when methods described in items 14-16 are applied, CIIP can be considered as MODE_TYPE_INTER.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in items 3-6 of the previous section.

27. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, whether a smallest chroma block rule is enforced during a conversion between a coded representation of a video region and pixel values of the video region, based on a coding condition of the video region; and performing the conversion based on the determining.

28. The method of clause 17, wherein the coding condition comprises a color format of the video region.

29.The method of clause 18, wherein the video region has a width of M pixels and a height of N pixels, and wherein the coding condition further depends on values of M and/or N.

30. The method of clause 29, wherein the smallest chroma block rule is enabled due to the video region having 4:2:2 color format and M*N=32 or M*N=64.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in items 7-11 of the previous section.

31. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, for a conversion between a coded representation of a video region in a 4:2:2 format and pixel values of the video region, a mode type to be used for the conversion based on whether a smallest chroma block rule is enabled for the video region; and performing the conversion based on the determining.

32. The method of clause 31, wherein the mode type of the video region is set to 1 due to the video region having 4:2:2 format and the smallest chroma block rule being enabled.

33. The method of clause 31, wherein the determining the mode type includes determining the mode type to be an INTRA type due to the smallest chroma block rule being enabled for the video region.

34. The method of clause 31, wherein the determining the mode type includes determining that the mode type INTER is disabled due to the smallest chroma block rule being enabled for the video region.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in items 7-11 of the previous section.

35. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, for a conversion between a coded representation of a video block and a video block of a video, whether block partitioning is allowed during the conversion, based on a mode type used during the conversion or a dimension of the video block; and performing the conversion using the determining.

36. The method of clause 35, wherein the block portioning comprises a binary tree partitioning or a ternary tree partitioning.

37. The method of any of clauses, 35-36 wherein, in case that the mode type is INTER mode, the block partitioning is based on a restriction rule that allows or disallows partition types.

The following clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in item 34 of the previous section.

38. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, for a conversion between a coded representation of a video segment of a video and the video segment, to apply a special processing mode for a chroma block of size M×N, where M by N are integers; and performing the conversion based on the determining.

39. The method of clause 38, wherein the special processing mode disables use of chroma blocks during the conversion.

40. The method of clause 38, wherein the special processing mode uses DC prediction for an intra prediction of the chroma block.

41. The method of clause 38, wherein the special processing mode includes using a cross-component linear model for predicting intra coefficients of the chroma block from corresponding downsampled luma coefficients.

42. The method of any of clauses 38-41, wherein the special processing mode disables use of the chroma block due to the video segment using a dual tree partitioning.

43. The method of any of clauses 38-41, wherein the special processing mode disables use of the chroma block due to the video segment using a single tree partitioning.

44. The method of any of clauses 1 to 43, wherein the conversion comprises encoding the video into the coded representation.

45. The method of any of clauses 1 to 43, wherein the conversion comprises decoding the coded representation to generate pixel values of the video.

46. A video decoding apparatus comprising a processor configured to implement a method recited in one or more of clauses 1 to 45.

47. A video encoding apparatus comprising a processor configured to implement a method recited in one or more of clauses 1 to 45.

48. A computer program product having computer code stored thereon, the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement a method recited in any of clauses 1 to 45.

49. A method, apparatus or system described in the present disclosure.

A second set of clauses may be implemented together with additional techniques described in items 34-36 of the previous section.

1. A method of video processing (e.g., method 2100 shown in FIG. 21 ), comprising: performing 2102 a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video picture of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule; wherein the rule specifies that, due to the chroma block having a size M×N, the chroma block is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using an intra coding mode, wherein M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block respectively, and wherein the intra coding mode includes coding the chroma block based on a previously coded video region of the video picture.

2. The method of clause 1, wherein the rule further specifies that a DC prediction mode is used for the chroma block, and wherein the DC prediction mode derives prediction values of a chroma component based on an average of neighboring blocks of the chroma block.

3. The method of clause 1, wherein the rule further specifies that a cross-component linear model (CCLM) prediction mode is used for the chroma block, wherein the CCLM prediction mode uses a linear mode to derive prediction values of a chroma component from another component.

4. The method of clause 2 or 3, wherein M=2 chroma samples and N=8, 16, or 32 chroma samples.

5. The method of clause 2 or 3, wherein the rule further specifies that reconstructed neighboring pixels are not used for the DC prediction mode or the CCLM prediction mode.

6. The method of clause 2, wherein the rule further specifies that neighboring reference pixels are set equal to 1«(bitDepth−1) for the DC prediction mode.

7. The method of clause 2 or 3, wherein the rule further specifies that a position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) method is not applied for the DC prediction mode or the CCLM prediction mode, and wherein the PDPC method combines neighboring samples with a prediction signal of the video region to generate a refined prediction signal of the video region.

8. The method of clause 2 or 3, wherein the rule further specifies that information about the DC prediction mode or the CCLM prediction mode is derived without being coded for the chroma block.

9. The method of clause 8, wherein the rule further specifies that, for the CCLM prediction mode that satisfies that predC=a*recL+b, a chroma prediction value, predC, is derived from luma reconstructed value, recL, and parameters, a and b, are initialed to default fixed values at a beginning of the video region.

10. The method of clause 9, wherein a first-in-first-out table is maintained to update the parameters, a and b.

11. The method of any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the rule is applied to another chroma block coded using the CCLM prediction and having a width unequal to M or a height unequal to N.

12. The method of clause 11, wherein CCLM parameters of previously coded video regions are utilized for the video region instead of being derived based on reconstruction information of neighboring blocks of the video region.

13. The method of clause 11, wherein the CCLM parameters are stored in a table and updated using a first-in-first-out table.

14. A method of video processing, comprising: performing a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video picture of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule; wherein the rule specifies that the chroma block having a size M×N is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using an intra coding mode in case a dual tree partitioning is used, wherein M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block, respectively, and wherein the intra coding mode includes coding the chroma block based on a previously coded video region of the video picture.

15. The method of clause 14, wherein M=2 chroma samples and N=8, 16, or 32 chroma samples.

16. The method of clause 14, wherein the rule further specifies that, due to the dual tree partitioning, a certain partitioning scheme is disabled for the video region that is a coding tree node with a dimension equal to (M*a)×(N*b), where M*a is a number of chroma samples in a width of the coding tree node and N*b is a number of chroma samples in a height of the coding tree node.

17. The method of clause 16, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a vertical binary tree (BT) split in which the video region is split into two parts along a vertical direction and wherein a=2 and b=1.

18. The method of clause 16, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a horizontal binary tree (BT) split in which the video region is split into two parts along a horizontal direction and wherein a=1 and b=2.

19. The method of clause 16, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a vertical ternary tree (TT) split in which the video region is split into three parts along a vertical direction and wherein a=4 and b=1.

20. The method of clause 16, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a horizontal ternary tree (TT) split in which the video region is split into three parts along a horizontal direction and wherein a =1 and b=4.

21. A method of video processing, comprising: performing a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video picture of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule; wherein the rule specifies that the chroma block having a size M×N is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using an intra coding mode in case a single tree partitioning is used, wherein M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block, respectively, and wherein the intra coding mode includes coding the chroma block based on a previously coded video region of the video picture.

22. The method of clause 21, wherein M=2 chroma samples and N=8, 16, or 32 chroma samples.

23. The method of clause 21 or 22, wherein the rule further specifies that, due to the single tree partitioning, a certain partitioning scheme is disabled for chroma components of the video region that is a coding tree node with a dimension equal to (M*a*subWidthC)×(N*b*subHeightC), where M*a is a number of luma samples in a width of the coding tree node and N*b is a number of luma samples in a height of the coding tree node, and subWidthC and subHeightC indicate chroma subsampling ratios in width and height dimensions, respectively.

24. The method of clause 23, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a vertical binary tree (BT) split in which the video region is split into two parts along a vertical direction and wherein a=2 and b=1.

25. The method of clause 23, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a vertical ternary tree (TT) split in which the video region is split into three parts along a vertical direction and wherein a=4 and b=1.

26. The method of clause 23, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a horizontal binary tree (BT) split in which the video region is split into two parts along a horizontal direction and wherein a=1 and b=2.

27. The method of clause 23, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a horizontal ternary tree (TT) split in which the video region is split into three parts along a horizontal direction and wherein a=1 and b=2.

28. The method of clause 23, wherein the certain partitioning scheme is a horizontal ternary tree (TT) split in which the video region is split into three parts along a horizontal direction and wherein a =1 and b=4.

29. The method of clause 23, wherein the chroma block has a dimension equal to (M*a)×(N*d).

30. The method of clause 23, wherein a coding type of the chroma block is MODE_TYPE_INTRA that allows use of an intra mode, a palette mode, and an intra block copy mode for the conversion.

31. The method of clause 23, wherein the rule further specifies that the certain partitioning scheme is allowed for luma components of the coding tree node.

32. The method of clause 31, wherein the coding tree node is split into child nodes and an inter mode and/or an intra block copy mode is allowed for a child node.

33. The method of clause 22, wherein the rule further specifies that a chroma component is split along a collocated luma component and an inter mode and/or an intra block copy mode is allowed for the chroma component.

34. A method of video processing, comprising: performing a conversion between a chroma block of a video region of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule; wherein the rule specifies that the chroma block having a size M×N is disallowed to be represented in the coded representation using a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode that combines an inter prediction with an intra prediction, wherein M and N are integers that indicate a width and a height of the chroma block, respectively.

35. The method of clause 34, wherein the rule further specifies that the CIIP mode is not allowed for chroma components of the video region that is a coding tree node with a dimension equal to (M*subWidthC)×(N*subHeightC), whereby subWidthC and subHeightC indicate chroma subsampling ratios in width and height dimensions, respectively.

36. The method of clause 34, wherein the performing the conversion includes a chroma blending process that determines a chroma prediction block of the chroma block by blending predictions of the chroma block using the inter prediction in case that the video region is coded using the CIIP mode.

37. The method of clause 36, wherein the rule further specifies that a luma intra prediction is applied to the video region and a chroma intra prediction is not applied to the video region with a dimension equal to (M*subWidthC)×(N*subHeightC), whereby subWidthC and subHeightC indicate chroma subsampling ratios in width and height dimensions, respectively.

38. The method of clause 34, wherein the rule further specifies that a DC prediction is used for the chroma block having the size M×N in case that the video region is coded using the CIIP mode.

39. The method of clause 34, wherein the rule further specifies that a CCLM prediction that uses a linear mode to derive prediction values of a chroma component from another component is used for the chroma block having the size M×N in case that the video region is coded using the CIIP mode.

40. A method of video processing, comprising: performing a conversion between a video region of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule, wherein the rule specifies that whether and how a maximum transform size applicable to the video region is signaled is dependent on a coding mode type used for representing the video region in the coded representation, wherein the coding mode type is (i) a near lossless coding mode in which a quantization parameter (QP) applied to the video region is smaller than a threshold, (ii) a lossless coding mode in which a transform of a residual data for the video region is bypassed, or (iii) a lossy coding mode in which the transform of the residual data for the video region is skipped.

41. The method of clause 40, wherein the rule further specifies that the maximum transform size for the lossless coding mode and/or the near lossless coding mode is equal to maxLosslessTbSizeY.

42. The method of clause 40, wherein the lossless coding mode is signaled at a coding unit level using a syntax element, cu_transquant_bypass_flag.

43. The method of clause 40, wherein the threshold is signalled in in a decoder parameter set (DPS), a video parameter set (VPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a tile, a slice, or a brick header.

44. The method of clause 40, wherein a transform_skip_flag is equal to 1 for the near lossless coding mode of the video region.

45. The method of clause 40, wherein the rule further specifies that a first maximum transform size for the lossless coding mode and/or the near lossless coding mode of the video region is set based on i) another maximum tranform size used for the lossy coding mode, ii) a maximum coding tree unit size, and/or iii) a maximum transform skip size.

46. The method of clause 40, wherein the maximum transform size for the lossless coding mode or the near lossless coding mode of the video region is signalled at a video unit level corresponding to a syntax element (SE) at a sequence parameter set (SPS), a video parameter set (VPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sub-picture, a slice, a tile, a brick, a coding tree unit (CTU), or a virtual pipeline data unit (VPDU).

47. The method of clause 46, wherein the SE is signalled depending on a maximum coding tree block (CTB) size, the maximum transform size, and/or a maximum transform skip size.

48. The method of clause 47, wherein the SE is signalled in case that log2_ctu_size_minus5 is larger than N, whereby N is an integer.

49. The method of clause 47, wherein the SE is signalled in case that sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag is equal to M, whereby M is an integer.

50. The method of clause 47, wherein the SE is signalled in case that log2_transform_skip_max_size_minus2 is larger than K.

51. The method of clause 47, wherein a difference between log(maxLosslessTbSizeY) and X is signalled, and wherein maxLosslessTbSizeY indicates the maximum transform size for the near lossless coding mode or the lossless coding mode of the video region.

52. The method of clause 51, wherein X is equal to log2_ctu_size_minus5, sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag, log2_transform_skip_max_size_minus2, or a fixed integer.

53. The method of clause 47, wherein a difference between maxLosslessTbSizeY and X is signalled, and wherein maxLosslessTbSizeY indicates the maximum transform size for the near lossless coding mode or the lossless coding mode of the video region.

54. The method of clause 47, wherein a value corresponding to the difference between maxLosslessTbSizeY and X minus K is signalled, wherein maxLosslessTbSizeY indicates the maximum transform size for the near lossless coding mode or the lossless coding mode of the video region and K is an integer.

55. The method of clause 53 or 54, wherein X is equal to CtbSizeY, MaxTbSize, MaxTsSize, or a fixed integer.

56. The method of clause 46, wherein maxLosslessTbSizeY of the video region is derived from the SE, and wherein maxLosslessTbSizeY indicates the maximum transform size for the near lossless coding mode or the lossless coding mode of the video region.

57. The method of clause 46, wherein the syntax element corresponds to a flag.

58. The method of clause 57, wherein in case that the flag is not present, a value that is a positive integer is inferred.

59. The method of clause 40, wherein the rule further specifies that the maximum transform size is derived for the lossless coding mode and/or the near lossless coding mode of the video region.

60. The method of clause 59, wherein the maximum transform size is set equal to i) a fixed integer value, ii) another maximum transform size used for the lossy coding mode, iii) a maximum coding tree unit size, iv) a VPDU size, v) a maximum transform skip block size, or vi) a maximum residue coding block size.

61. A method of video processing, comprising: performing a conversion between a video region of a video and a coded representation of the video according to a rule, wherein the rule specifies that a residual block of a video region is divided into one or more residual sub-blocks for a lossless coding and/or a near lossless coding based on a maximum transform size of the video region to which the lossless coding and/or the near lossless coding is applied, and wherein the lossless coding includes bypassing a transform of the residual block for the video region and the near lossless coding uses a quantization parameter (QP) that is smaller than a threshold.

62. The method of clause 61, wherein the rule further specifies that a width and a height of the one or more residual sub-blocks obtained after the division are not greater than the maximum transform size.

63. The method of clause 62, wherein the rule further specifies to repeat dividing of the residual block until the width and the height of the one or more residual sub-blocks are not greater than the maximum transform size.

64. The method of any of clauses 1 to 63, wherein the conversion includes encoding the video into the coded representation.

65. The method of any of clauses 1 to 63, wherein the conversion includes decoding the coded representation to generate the video.

66. A video processing apparatus comprising a processor configured to implement a method recited in any one or more of clauses 1 to 65.

67. A computer readable medium storing program code that, when executed, causes a processor to implement a method recited in any one or more of clauses 1 to 65.

68. A computer readable medium that stores a coded representation or a bitstream representation generated according to any of the above described methods.

The disclosed and other solutions, examples, embodiments, modules and the functional operations described in this disclosure can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this disclosure and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. The disclosed and other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus.

A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

The processes and logic flows described in this disclosure can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random-access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and compact disc, read-only memory (CD ROM) and digital versatile disc read-only memory (DVD-ROM) disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

While this present disclosure contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any subject matter or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular techniques. Certain features that are described in this present disclosure in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described in this present disclosure should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments.

Only a few implementations and examples are described and other implementations, enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in this present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of video processing, comprising: determining, for a conversion between a chroma block of a video and a bitstream of the video, whether to split the chroma block according to a rule relating to a tree type of the chroma block and a dimension of the chroma block; and performing the conversion based on the determining, wherein the rule specifies that splitting the chroma block having a tree type of DUAL_TREE_CHROMA to generate a chroma subblock having a width of 2 is not allowed.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rule specifies that when the tree type of the chroma block is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and a width of the chroma block is equal to 4, the chroma block is not allowed to a vertical binary split.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rule specifies that when the tree type of the chroma block is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and a width of the chroma block is equal to 8, the chroma block is not allowed to a vertical ternary split.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein when a mode type of the chroma block is MODE_TYPE_INTRA, the rule further specifies that splitting the chroma block to generate the chroma subblock having a width of 4 and a height of 2 is also not allowed.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the rule further specifies that splitting a luma block corresponding to the chroma block to generate a luma subblock is allowed.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the rule further specifies that when the luma block corresponding to the chroma block has 64 luma samples, a slice type of the chroma block is an I slice, and a chroma format of the chroma block is 4:2:0, splitting the chroma block having the tree type of DUAL_TREE_CHROMA using a binary split is not allowed, and the luma block corresponding to the chroma block is allowed to the binary split.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the rule further specifies that when the luma block corresponding to the chroma block has 128 luma samples, a slice type of the chroma block is an I slice, and a chroma format of the chroma block is 4:2:0, splitting the chroma block having the tree type of DUAL_TREE_CHROMA using a ternary split is not allowed and the luma block is allowed to the ternary split.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a combined inter-intra prediction mode is not allowed to be applied to the chroma block with a width less than
 4. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the combined inter-intra prediction mode is not allowed to be applied to a luma block with a width equal to 4 and a height equal to
 16. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the conversion includes encoding the chroma block into the bitstream.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the conversion includes decoding the chroma block from the bitstream.
 12. An apparatus for processing video data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to: determine, for a conversion between a chroma block of a video and a bitstream of the video, whether to split the chroma block according to a rule relating to a tree type of the chroma block and a dimension of the chroma block; and perform the conversion based on the determination, wherein the rule specifies that splitting the chroma block having a tree type of DUAL_TREE_CHROMA to generate a chroma subblock having a width of 2 is not allowed.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the rule specifies that when the tree type of the chroma block is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and a width of the chroma block is equal to 4, the chroma block is not allowed to a vertical binary split.
 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the rule specifies that when the tree type of the chroma block is equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and a width of the chroma block is equal to 8, the chroma block is not allowed to a vertical ternary split.
 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein when a mode type of the chroma block is MODE_TYPE_INTRA, the rule further specifies that splitting the chroma block to generate the chroma subblock having a width of 4 and a height of 2 is also not allowed.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the rule further specifies that splitting a luma block corresponding to the chroma block to generate a luma subblock is allowed.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the rule further specifies that when the luma block corresponding to the chroma block has 64 luma samples, a slice type of the chroma block is an I slice, and a chroma format of the chroma block is 4:2:0, splitting the chroma block having the tree type of DUAL_TREE_CHROMA using a binary split is not allowed, and the luma block corresponding to the chroma block is allowed to the binary split.
 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the rule further specifies that when the luma block corresponding to the chroma block has 128 luma samples, a slice type of the chroma block is an I slice, and a chroma format of the chroma block is 4:2:0, splitting the chroma block having the tree type of DUAL_TREE_CHROMA using a ternary split is not allowed and the luma block is allowed to the ternary split.
 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to: determine, for a conversion between a chroma block of a video and a bitstream of the video, whether to split the chroma block according to a rule relating to a tree type of the chroma block and a dimension of the chroma block; and perform the conversion based on the determination, wherein the rule specifies that splitting the chroma block having a tree type of DUAL_TREE_CHROMA to generate a chroma subblock having a width of 2 is not allowed.
 20. A method for storing a bitstream of a video, comprising: determining, for a chroma block of the video, whether to split the chroma block according to a rule relating to a tree type of the chroma block and a dimension of the chroma block; and generating the bitstream based on the determining, wherein the rule specifies that splitting the chroma block having a tree type of DUAL_TREE_CHROMA to generate a chroma subblock having a width of 2 is not allowed. 